高考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)（六篇）

【第1篇 2023高考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)：動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

2023高考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)：動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)是歷年高考英語(yǔ)測(cè)試的重中之重，一般占1—2道題。命題思路有三：一是直接給出標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，考生能依據(jù)所給時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)作出選擇;二是給出時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但所給時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有著較強(qiáng)的干擾性，考生不能直接根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)作出選擇，需要結(jié)合語(yǔ)境判斷;三是沒有任何時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，需要借助于上下文語(yǔ)境，才能作出正確判斷。 考生應(yīng)熟知常用時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法。高考題往往不會(huì)涉及單一的時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而是更多地側(cè)重于時(shí)態(tài)的交叉使用和呼應(yīng)及與語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)合使用。所以解題時(shí)一定要結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，弄清時(shí)間的先后關(guān)系，可根據(jù)不同情況采取“找標(biāo)法”(尋找時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞)、“呼應(yīng)法”(主從句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng))、“搭配法”(固定搭配)、“語(yǔ)境法”等解題技巧。 一?識(shí)別標(biāo)志詞 如果題干中有標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),則往往可以根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)選擇相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)? [例]①more than a dozen students in that school ________ abroad to study medicine last year. a. sent b. were sentc. had sentd. had been sent [解析] 此題有明顯的時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞last year,提示我們應(yīng)該使用一般過(guò)去時(shí);句中的主語(yǔ)students是被送的對(duì)象,應(yīng)該使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?答案為b? 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一般都有其相應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),請(qǐng)同學(xué)們熟記下列8種常用時(shí)態(tài)所對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)? (1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):often, always, usually, seldom, now, every day等? (2)一般過(guò)去時(shí):then, yesterday, last week, after that, ago, in the following/ne_t few months等? (3)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):now, right now, at present, at this moment, these days等? (4)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):then, at that time, at this time yesterday等? (5)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): recently, lately, up to/till now, so far, in the past/last few months/years…, for+一段時(shí)間, since + 一點(diǎn)時(shí)間等? (6)過(guò)去完成時(shí):before, by the end of last month/years…等? (8)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí):the following month, the ne_t week等? [命題角度及對(duì)策]高考測(cè)試動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)須與句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)一致時(shí),常在題干中加入具體情景,以測(cè)試考生對(duì)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)的實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力?敏銳捕捉時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞,并結(jié)合具體的語(yǔ)境,選擇出正確的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài),是解決此類問題的良策? 二?主從時(shí)態(tài)須呼應(yīng) 如果所給題干是主從復(fù)合句,可根據(jù)主從句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)的原則選出正確的時(shí)態(tài)? 命題角度及對(duì)策]近年來(lái)高考考查主從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)時(shí),常放在真實(shí)的并且符合實(shí)際的語(yǔ)境中進(jìn)行考查?在根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)原則解題時(shí),要把握好以下幾點(diǎn): (1)在時(shí)間?條件等狀語(yǔ)從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來(lái)時(shí),一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示將來(lái)完成時(shí)? (2)正確認(rèn)定主句動(dòng)詞及從句動(dòng)詞兩個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間,并認(rèn)真體會(huì)命題者所給出的語(yǔ)境? (3)解答賓語(yǔ)從句與主句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)題時(shí),考生應(yīng)熟知以下規(guī)則:主句動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在時(shí),則從句動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)需要使用任何時(shí)態(tài);主句動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí),則從句動(dòng)詞須用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)(表示客觀真理時(shí)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))? 三?仔細(xì)體會(huì)語(yǔ)境 近年來(lái)高考試題對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)考查的要求越來(lái)越高,大部分試題趨向情境化?實(shí)際化?因此,仔細(xì)體會(huì)所給語(yǔ)境,根據(jù)具體語(yǔ)境選擇合適的時(shí)態(tài)是考生需要重點(diǎn)解決的問題? 例：—do you think we should accept that offer? —yes，we should，for we______ such bad luck up till now，and time______ out. a. have had;is running b. had;is running c. have;has been run d. have had;has been run 答案解析 a。由時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞up till now知道，動(dòng)作是從過(guò)去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，所以第一空要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);而根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知時(shí)間快要耗光了，所以第二空要用進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)。 —can you tell me the timetable of the__________school bus? —well, the bus__________here for the __________campus at 7:00 a.m.. a.will leave b.left c.is leaving d.leaves 答案解析 d。考查時(shí)態(tài)，“校班車的時(shí)間表”是規(guī)定好的事情，表示一般性動(dòng)作用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 精選試題 模擬題及其答案 1. — what’s that terrible noise ? — the neighbors _____ for a party. a. have prepared b. are preparing c. prepare d. will prepare 2. now that she is out of a job, lucy _____ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet. a. had considered b. has been considering 3. the mayor of beijing says that all construction work for the beijing olympics _____ by 2023. 4. selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ____ so rapidly. a. is changing b. has changed c. will have changed d. will change 5. i _____ ping –pong quite well, but i haven’t had time to play since the new year. a. played b. will play c. have played d. play 6. visitors ______ not to touch the e_hibits. a. will request b. request c. are requesting d. are requested 7. john and i _____ friends for eight years. we first got to know each other at a christmas party. but we _____ each other a couple of times before that. a. had been; have seen b. have been; have seen c. had been; had seen d. have been; had seen 8. this is ted’s photo. we miss him a lot. he ______ trying to save a child in the earthquake. a. killed b. is killed c. was killed d. was killing 9. — how are the team playing ? — they are playing well, but one of them _____ hurt. a. got b. gets c. are d. were 10. — you haven’t said a word about my new coua, brenda. do you like it ? — i’m sorry, i _____ anything about it sooner. i certainly think it’s pretty on you. a. wasn’t saying b. don’t say c. won’t say d. didn’t say 11. i wonder why jenny ____ us recently. we should have heard from her by now. a. hasn’t written b. doesn’t write c. won’t write d. hadn’t written 12. my uncle ______ until he was forty –five. a. married b. didn’t marry c. was not marrying d. would marry — i will go to see you when you _____ the training course. a. will have finished b. will finish c. are finishing d. finish 14. — how long _____ at this job ? — since 1990 a. were you cmployed b. have you been employed c. had you been employed d. will you be employed 15. with the rapid growth of population, the city _____ in all directions in the past five years. a. spreads b. has spread c. spread d. had spread a. has been broken b. breaks c. broke d. was broken a. has grown b. is growing c. grew d. had grown 18. why don’t you put the meat in the fridge ? it will _____ fresh for several days. a. be stayed b. stay c. be staying d. have stayed 19. — sorry, joe, i didn’t mean to — don’t call me “joe”. i’m mr parker to you, and _____ you forget it ! a. do b. didn’t c. did d. don’t 20. at this time tomorrow _____ over the atlantic. a. we’re going to fly b. we’ll be flying c. we’ll fly d. we’re to fly 21. the news came as no surprise to me. i _____ for some time that the factory was going to shut down. a. had known b. knew c. have known d. know 22. i thought jim would say something about his school report, but he ______ it. a. doesn’t mention b. hadn’t mentioned c. didn’t mention d. hasn’t mentioned 23. no one in the department but tom and i _____ that the director is going to resign. a. knows b. know c. have known d. am to know 24. although he has lived with us for years, he ______ us much impression. a. hadn’t left b. didn’t leave c. doesn’t leave d. hasn’t left 25. how can you possibly miss the news ? it _____ on tv all day long. a. has been b. bad been c. was d. will be 26. — sorry to have interrupted you. please go on. — where was i ? — you _____ you didn’t like your father’s job. a. had said b. said c. were saying d. had been saying 27. i arrived late; i _____ the road to be so iey. a. wouldn’t e_pect b. haven’t e_pected c. hadn’t e_pected d. wasn’t e_pecting 28. i ______ while reading the english te_tbook. luckily, my roommate woke me up in time ! a. had fallen asleep b. have fallen asleep c. fell asleep d. fall asleep 29. let’s keep to the point or we ______ any decisions. a. will never reach b. have never reached c. never reach d. never reached 30. my mind wasn’t on what he was saying, so i’m afraid i _____ half of it. a. was missing b. had missed c. will miss d. missed 答案與解析 1、b 根據(jù)題意先排除d 項(xiàng)，因?yàn)榛卮鸱揭f(shuō)明書現(xiàn)在的情況;a項(xiàng)have prepare說(shuō)明已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好，c項(xiàng)prepare是目前的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，b項(xiàng)瑞在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的示完性。因此b 項(xiàng)為答案。 2、b 句意：因?yàn)閘ucy失業(yè)了，所以她在考慮重返校園，但她現(xiàn)在還沒決定。根據(jù)題意說(shuō)話者在說(shuō)現(xiàn)在的情況，因此排除了a、c、d三項(xiàng)，b飛行員現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示現(xiàn)在的事，進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)“考慮”這個(gè)動(dòng)作的“未完性”，所以是答案。 3、c 句意：北京市市長(zhǎng)說(shuō)所有北京奧林區(qū)克建筑將于2023年完成。此題考查英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)，很顯然本題應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因此排除b、d根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)by2023，應(yīng)選擇將來(lái)完成時(shí)，因此選c。 4、a 題干中主句為selecting a mobile phone …is no easy task,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示了一種“含此刻在內(nèi)的廣泛意義上的現(xiàn)在時(shí)間”，使用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)(…is no easy task);后面的狀態(tài)從句(because…)中則說(shuō)明原因?yàn)椤凹夹g(shù)更新變化迅速”，應(yīng)采用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：(technology)is changing(so rapidly).現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)在此表示了一種“持續(xù)變化”的狀態(tài)，體現(xiàn)了“變化、趨勢(shì)、發(fā)展和進(jìn)展” 5、d 題干后的分句(but…)為轉(zhuǎn)折語(yǔ)氣，并在句中使用了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)(i haven’t had time to play),表示自從new year以來(lái)一直沒有打過(guò)乒乓球，由此可以排除選項(xiàng)b(will play)、c(have played).由此推斷前一人句中所說(shuō)狀態(tài)為“含此刻在內(nèi)的廣泛意義上的現(xiàn)在時(shí)間”，則空中應(yīng)該使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表達(dá)這一時(shí)間概念。 6、d 句意為：參觀者被要求不觸摸展品。所以應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)形式。 7、d第一空為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，與一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用(for eight years);第二空：在一次晚會(huì)上認(rèn)識(shí)之前就見過(guò)，上是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”的一個(gè)動(dòng)作，幫選d。 8、c 從上下文可知，ted已經(jīng)死了，屬于過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情， 對(duì)于動(dòng)詞kill來(lái)講，應(yīng)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選c 9、a 由題中所設(shè)語(yǔ)境可知，一句隊(duì)員受傷應(yīng)是過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，故選a。 10、d從對(duì)話題干所設(shè)語(yǔ)境看，此處談?wù)摰氖沁^(guò)去所沒有發(fā)生的事(you haven’t said a word…)此對(duì)話中，brenda 為自己沒能對(duì)朋友所穿新衣早加贊賞向?qū)Ψ奖硎厩敢?sooner(=at an earlier time)作為附加狀語(yǔ)傳達(dá)了十分重要的時(shí)間信息。 此處仍應(yīng)使用表示過(guò)去行為的簡(jiǎn)單過(guò)去時(shí)，與后面句子中的現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)(i certainly think…)形成對(duì)照。其余選項(xiàng)所給時(shí)態(tài)…h(huán)asn’t written us recently。 11、a 前句中recently與事句中動(dòng)詞民用的語(yǔ)氣為重要提示：we should have heard from her by now.=we haven,t heard from her by now此處討論最近該發(fā)生而沒發(fā)生的事，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)：…h(huán)asn’t written us recently. 12、b marry是終止性動(dòng)詞，用在此not…until句型中表示“我叔叔直到四十五歲才結(jié)婚?！? 13、d when從句中通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式表將來(lái)時(shí)間。 14、b答語(yǔ)中的since1990是關(guān)鍵信息。 15、b 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in the past five years與現(xiàn)在時(shí)間有關(guān)。 16、d圖書館的安靜被打破，故須用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);情景中找不出與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的時(shí)間信息，故a是錯(cuò)誤的。 17、c grow與as從句里的wait發(fā)生。 題干前半句為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，提供了極為重要的時(shí)間線索：all morning as she waited…，表示了過(guò)去的一段延續(xù)時(shí)間，本空之中動(dòng)詞所表示的行為(her nervousness “grow”)與此同時(shí)進(jìn)行。此處仍應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 本題中與現(xiàn)在時(shí)間相關(guān)的兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)(a. has grown b is growing)很容易排除;d項(xiàng)(had grown)過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)，應(yīng)用于表示過(guò)去特定時(shí)間之前的行為，與語(yǔ)境不符，也可排除。 18、b stay這晨是系動(dòng)詞的用法，不用被動(dòng)形式。 根據(jù)本題設(shè)空之后所執(zhí)著續(xù)的形容詞fresh判斷，選項(xiàng)所給動(dòng)詞stay為系動(dòng)詞(=to continue or remain in a place ,position or condition——collins new english dictionary), 因此，很容易排除a項(xiàng)(系動(dòng)詞不可能使用權(quán)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài));從句意看，說(shuō)話人向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh(why don’t you…?)，然后闡明依據(jù)(the meat will…)，應(yīng)該是stay 的一般形式，而不會(huì)是進(jìn)行式(c 項(xiàng)be staying)或完成式(d項(xiàng)have stayed)。 19、d注意mr parker 這里針對(duì)的是“sorry , joe”這件事，而不是“ i didn’t mean to…”那件事。而前者正是“此時(shí)此刻”發(fā)生的，故應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。句意：你應(yīng)稱呼我帕克先生，你不是忘了吧!題干選材為大小對(duì)話形式，語(yǔ)境完整，前者向 joe道歉，后者(joe本人)拒不接受道歉，認(rèn)為稱呼自己為joe是：“套近乎”。提醒并警千對(duì)方，語(yǔ)氣非常嚴(yán)厲。 20、b at this time tomorrow 指明的是將來(lái)的某一具體時(shí)間，故用來(lái)將進(jìn)行時(shí)。 21、a 在the news came 之前我就已經(jīng)知道，故用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。 22、c but連接的并列句，時(shí)態(tài)與thought一致。 23、a句子的主語(yǔ)是no one,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用單數(shù)。 24、d although從句中的has lived是非常重要的時(shí)間住處說(shuō)話的人的意思是：雖然他與我們一起生活多年(從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在)，但他沒有給我們留下多少印象。所以，這里使用c項(xiàng)是不恰當(dāng)?shù)摹? 25、a根據(jù)can的形式(而不是could)可以判斷，這里并不是談?wù)摷兇獾倪^(guò)去或過(guò)去的過(guò)去，但顯然也不是將來(lái)時(shí)間。 26、c 語(yǔ)境中暗含著一個(gè)時(shí)間信息：當(dāng)我打斷你說(shuō)話的時(shí)候。 27、c arrive是關(guān)鍵信息：(我在出發(fā)之前)沒有預(yù)料到路會(huì)這么滑。這里談?wù)摰娘@然是過(guò)去(started)的過(guò)去(had e_pected). 28、c根據(jù)woke(wake 的過(guò)去式)可以判斷，這里談?wù)摰呐c“現(xiàn)在”無(wú)關(guān)，因此可以排除b和d兩項(xiàng)。i是在讀書期間睡著的(while reading),而不是在之前睡著的，所以a項(xiàng)也是不恰當(dāng)?shù)摹? 29、a 句意：請(qǐng)不要偏離話題，不然的話，我們就不會(huì)取勝得決定。祈使句與and 或or 連用是常見的說(shuō)法，又如：turn left and you will find the bookstore.向左轉(zhuǎn)，你就會(huì)找到那個(gè)書店里。listen to me or you will never succeed.聽我的話，否則，你不會(huì)成功的。同時(shí)在談到will do和be going to do 表示將來(lái)的區(qū)別時(shí)，will表意愿和既時(shí)的將來(lái)，而后者表示計(jì)劃的或有跡象的將來(lái)。例如： give him the big apple or he oil not allow us to go with him. —i was going to ,but my wife returned. 30、d 句意：(當(dāng)時(shí))我并沒有注意他說(shuō)的話，所以(現(xiàn)在)我覺得他講的話一半我沒有聽到。題干句中透圳出時(shí)間信息的三個(gè)地方：wasn’t ,was saying和i’m afraid是做出選擇的重要依據(jù)。

【第2篇 2023高考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)：數(shù)詞與連詞

2023高考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)：數(shù)詞與連詞 數(shù)詞一般與其它知識(shí)綜合起來(lái)考察，比如倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方法，多個(gè)形容詞的排列順序等。近幾年語(yǔ)境綜合化程度越來(lái)越高。 連詞按其性質(zhì),分為并列連詞和從屬連詞,考點(diǎn)分布在單項(xiàng)選擇?完形填空和短文改錯(cuò)中?《英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱》和《考試大綱》語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目表中對(duì)連詞的考查是這樣描述的:掌握詞匯表中所列連詞的用法?即要求考生分析句子成分,把握語(yǔ)境和邏輯關(guān)系,恰當(dāng)選擇合適連詞,使句意通順,邏輯清楚?連接代詞或連接副詞用于名詞性從句,統(tǒng)稱連接詞? 連詞考點(diǎn)透析 考點(diǎn)一、?特殊并列連詞while/when 例1. i had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel _______ i heard the steps. (2023年高考湖南卷) a. while b. when c. since d. after 例2.i’d like to study law at university _______ my cousin prefers geography. (2023年高考四川卷) a. thoughb. as c. while d. for [解析]b?c?作并列連詞時(shí),when/while用法較為特殊,二者區(qū)別是:while表兩相對(duì)照;而when表突然?在那時(shí),常見于be about to do...when和hardly...when等句型中? 考點(diǎn)二、表示原因的連詞for/because/as/since 例3.he found it increasingly difficult to read, _____ his eyesight was beginning to fail.(2023年高考北京卷) a. and b. for c. but d. or 例4.jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at canada, ______ this was a memory she especially treasured. (2023年高考廣東卷) a. as b. if c. when d. where 例5.parents should take seriously their children’s requests for sunglasses ________ eye protection is necessary in sunny weather.(2023年高考上海卷) a. because b. though c. unless d. if 例6._____ everybody knows about it, i don’t want to talk any more. a. for b. even c. since d. however [解析]b?a?a?c?引導(dǎo)原因連詞,as/because/ since/ for的區(qū)別是:because語(yǔ)勢(shì),用來(lái)說(shuō)明人所未知的原因,回答why提出的問題,可置于強(qiáng)調(diào)句中且其前可加修飾語(yǔ); since是雙方都知曉原因或經(jīng)過(guò)分析而得之的原因,語(yǔ)氣次之;for是并列連詞,前用逗號(hào)隔開,表邏輯推理或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明;as語(yǔ)氣最弱,原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知,即已知原因,所引導(dǎo)的分句可置于句首? 考點(diǎn)三、并列連詞but/yet/though 例7. e_cuse me for breaking in, ______ i have some news for you. a. so b. and c. but d. yet 考點(diǎn)四、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的從屬連詞that/whether/if 例8.the traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. (2023 年高考上海卷) a. when b. why c. whether d. that 例9.we haven’t settled the question of _____ it is necessary for him to study abroad. ( 2023年高考江蘇卷) a. if b. where c. whetherd. that [解析]d?c?引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的從屬連詞that與whether的區(qū)別是:句子成分完整且表意確定時(shí)選用that連接,句意不確定時(shí)選用whether/if連接;借助it,將真正主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)后置,構(gòu)成“it…that”句型,但whether/if不可;下列情形用whether不用if:與or not 連用,中間無(wú)其他詞隔開;作介詞賓語(yǔ);在主語(yǔ)從句?表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中?例: whether we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 考點(diǎn)五、表示比較的從屬連詞what/as 例10. engines are to machines ______ hearts are to animals. (2023年高考山東卷) a. as b. that c. what d. which 例11._____ i e_plained on the phone, your request will be considered at the ne_t meeting.(2023年高考浙江卷) a. whenb. after c. as d. since 例12.what a table! i’ve never seen such a thing before. it is ________ it is long.(2023年高考湖北卷) a. half not as wide as b. wide not as half as c. not half as wide as d. as wide as not half [解析]c?c?c?what用作從屬連詞,表比較,用于a is to b what c is to d結(jié)構(gòu)中;而as表示原級(jí)比較,常用于as...as結(jié)構(gòu)中,程度修飾語(yǔ)應(yīng)置于第一個(gè)as之前,嵌入的形容詞或副詞使用原級(jí)?另外as還表“正如?按照”,引導(dǎo)方式連詞? 考點(diǎn)六、表示條件的從屬連詞if /unless/as long as/once 例13. ________ i know the money is safe, i shall not worry about it. a. even thoughb. unlessc. as long asd. while 例14.small sailboats can easily turn over in the water ____ they are not managed carefully.(2023年高考上海卷) a. though b. before c. until d. if 例15.you will be successful in the interview ____ you have confidence. (2023年高考福建卷) a. before b. once c. until d. though 例16.i won’t call you, _____ something une_pected happens.(2023年考全國(guó)卷) a. unlessb. whether c. becaused. while [解析]c?d?b?a?表?xiàng)l件的連詞if/unless/as long as/unless在用法上存在一些差異?as long as用法同only if/on condition that,強(qiáng)調(diào)某事的發(fā)生以另一事件的發(fā)生為前提;if為正面條件,可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生好的或壞的結(jié)果,若某種條件產(chǎn)生壞的結(jié)果,此時(shí)的if可用as long as替換; unless為反面條件,表示除非,如果不,故在真實(shí)條件句中常和if…not換用;once既表時(shí)間,又包含條件,譯作一旦? 考點(diǎn)七、表示讓步的從屬連詞although/when/while 例17. we had to wait half an hour _______ we had already booked a table. (2023年高考遼寧卷) a. sinceb. although c. until d. before 例18.______i really don’t like art, i find his work impressive. (2023年高考山東卷) a. as b. since c. if d. while 解析b?d?although/when/while均可表示讓步,后兩者的用法較為特殊?although/though引導(dǎo)讓步連詞時(shí)不與but和yet連用;而while卻表示“部分接受,但并非全部”,或用于“強(qiáng)調(diào)兩種情況?活動(dòng)等之間的差距”;when也可表示雖然,盡管,同even if,常置于句末? 精選試題 模擬題及其答案 1.china won 100 medals in the beijing olympic games，which are almost those of the sydney olypic games. a. twice as many as b.as many as twice c.as much as twice d twice as much as 2. hawking became world-famous in 。 a his thirties in the 1970’s b.the thirties in his 1970 c.his thirties in 1970s d.the thirties during the 1970 3.we’d better hurry up. of the time used up. a two-thirds：are b two-thirds;has been c.two-third：is d.two-thirds;have been 4.一what cani dofor you? 一i’d like to take these tomatoes. a two dozen of b two dozen c.two dozens d two dozens of 5.一how long will you stay here? 一for . a a day or two b.one day and two c one or two day d one and two day 6.i bought a big fridge，which ccupied about of the space in my kichen. a two five b two-fifth c.second fifth dtwo-fifth 7. the weight of a male lion can reach 240kg, an adult man，while a lioness call reach up to 180kg a the three times weght of b.three times the weisht of c.as three times heavy as d.three times as heavier as 8. he said he wasn’t hungry at all，he ate a big breakfast. a. unless b.because c.though d.if 9. the olympic games cost us a lot，it bridged the distance between people and developed friendship. a.what b.while c if d.as 10. the interview in boston lasted so long，i missed my connecting flight to new york. a due to b.so long as c as d.despite 11.our government took measures in time to protect children who had taken sanlu baby milk powder it was too late. a now that b as long as c unless d before 12 as long as i call remember, i called，his wife would answer the phone. a however b whenever c whatever d.whichever 13. countless people in developing countries no longer suffer from malnutrition. ，poverty remains a problem worldwide. a while b nevertheless c.besides d in addition 14.i’m sorry you’ve been waiting for us so long，but it’s still be some time the meeting starts. a before b since c till d after 15.一would you like to go to see the film—the knot with me? 一sorry. i have seen it. a though b.unless c.when d but 16. children’s brains can’t develop properly they lack protein a when b since c because d unless 17. the two are only days apart in age，they seem to belong to wholly different generatioas. a while b if c as d.since 18.—they don’t have much in their house yet. 一 they’planning to live here only until bob gets his degree，they don’t want to buy much furniture. a.since b while c although d aslong as a.if b.until c after d when 20.all people, they are old or young，rich or poor，have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster a even if b whether c no matter d however 21. “shall we stop for lunch _____ shall we drive on?” “l(fā)et’s stop for lunch, but the driver can’t drink _____ drive.” a. and, and b. or, or c. and, or d. or,and 22. “_____ when does the pub stay open?” “about midnight.” a. since...b. before c. until...d. after 23. “would you like tea _____ coffee?” “_____, thanks.” a. or, no b. and, either c. or, neither d. and, each 24. he imagines that people don’t like him, _____ they do. a. and b. then c. so d. but 25. i firmly believe _____ he said at the meeting was right. a. that b. which c. that what d. what that a. and b. or c. so d. then 27 i’d like to study law at university _______ my cousin prefers geography. a. though b. as c. while d. for 28(2023年高考北京卷).he found it increasingly difficult to read, _____ his eyesight was beginning to fail. a. and b. for c. but d. or 29e_cuse me for breaking in, ______ i have some news for you. a. so b. and c. but d. yet 30. the traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. a. when b. why c. whether d. that 答案與解析 1 a。解析考查倍數(shù)表達(dá)法。此處符合a+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+倍數(shù)十a(chǎn)s+adj/adv(原級(jí))+as+b結(jié)構(gòu)。 2 a。解析考查數(shù)次的用法。in one’s thirties意為在某人三十多歲時(shí)，in/during the 1970o’s意為在20世紀(jì)70年代。 3 b。解析考查分?jǐn)?shù)的用法及主謂一致。分子大于二時(shí)分母的序數(shù)詞要加s。two-thirds of time作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，故答案選b。 4 a。解析dozen，score前面有基數(shù)詞時(shí)，dozen和score不能用復(fù)數(shù)形式，后面通常也不能接of。但當(dāng)名詞前有the，those，these修飾時(shí)，則后面必須加上of，表示……中的……。故答案選a。 5 a。解析a day or two是習(xí)慣說(shuō)法，意思是一兩天，也可以a day or two days。 6 d。解析考查分?jǐn)?shù)的構(gòu)成。分子大于二時(shí)分母的序數(shù)詞要加s。 7 b。解析考查倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方法。此處應(yīng)運(yùn)用倍數(shù)+the+名詞+of結(jié)構(gòu)。 8 c。解析此處thought引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：盡管他說(shuō)不餓，但早餐他吃了很多。 9 b。解析考查連詞while的用法。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可看出此處需要填人一個(gè)表示讓步意義的詞，whtle在此為從屬連詞，意為盡管。 10c。解析考查連詞as的用法。從題意看，前半句應(yīng)該是原因，后面是結(jié)果。due to由于，表原因，是介詞短語(yǔ)，不能跟句子;so long as只要，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從，.despite盡管是介詞，不能跟句子;as意思是由于。故答案選c。 11 d。解析考查連詞before的用法。句意：在事態(tài)嚴(yán)重之前，我國(guó)政府及時(shí)采取措施來(lái)保護(hù)那些喝了三鹿嬰幼兒奶粉的孩子們。 12 b。解析whenever此處是無(wú)論何時(shí)的意思，相當(dāng)于no matter when。 13 b。解析結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，b是正確答案。nevertheless然而，不過(guò)。 14.a。解析考查連詞的用法。it’11 still be some time before……是一個(gè)句型，表示在……之前有一段時(shí)間了。 15 d。解析考查連詞的用法。句意：一你和我一起去看電影《云水謠》好嗎?一對(duì)不起，我已經(jīng)看過(guò)丁。根據(jù)題意可知，答案應(yīng)該選d。 16 a。解析本題中when引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于if。句意：如果孩子缺少蛋白質(zhì)，他們的大腦就會(huì)發(fā)育不良}， 17 a。解析考查連詞while的用法。句意：盡管這兩個(gè)人的年齡只有幾天之差，但是看起來(lái)完全不像是一代人。 18 d。解析考查連詞since的用法。根據(jù)題意可知，此處表原因，故答案選d。 19 b。解析untill直到…為止。句意：愛只是一個(gè)字，直到某人出現(xiàn)并給予它真正的內(nèi)涵。 20 b。解析考查固定措配whether……or……的用法，句意：自從那次災(zāi)難以后，所有的人，不論老人還是年輕人、富人還是窮人，都在努力幫助那些需要幫助的人。 21.解析選d，第一空填 or，表選擇;第二空填 and，can’t drink and drive 指不能同時(shí)既喝酒又開車，即不能酒后開車。 22.解析選c，句意為“這家酒店開門到什么?(或這家酒店什么時(shí)候關(guān)門?)” 23. 解析選c，選項(xiàng)a用no來(lái)回答選擇疑問句，不妥;選項(xiàng)b用 and 連接 tea 與 coffee，說(shuō)明問句并非提供選擇，而答語(yǔ)卻用了 either 這樣表選擇性的詞語(yǔ)，也不妥;選項(xiàng)d與語(yǔ)境不符。 24. 解析 選d，前后意思轉(zhuǎn)折，故選 but.注：but they do = but they like him. 25解析選c，that 為引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞，在 that what he said at the meeting was right 這一賓語(yǔ)從句中，又包含有what he said at the meeting 這一主語(yǔ)從句，而在該主語(yǔ)從句中，what用作動(dòng)詞 said 的賓語(yǔ)。 26解析選b，or 表選擇。 27 [解析] c?作并列連詞時(shí),when/while用法較為特殊,二者區(qū)別是:while表兩相對(duì)照;而when表突然?在那時(shí),常見于be about to do...when和hardly...when等句型中? 28 [解析]b引導(dǎo)原因連詞,as/because/ since/ for的區(qū)別是:because語(yǔ)勢(shì),用來(lái)說(shuō)明人所未知的原因,回答why提出的問題,可置于強(qiáng)調(diào)句中且其前可加修飾語(yǔ); since是雙方都知曉原因或經(jīng)過(guò)分析而得之的原因,語(yǔ)氣次之;for是并列連詞,前用逗號(hào)隔開,表邏輯推理或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明;as語(yǔ)氣最弱,原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知,即已知原因,所引導(dǎo)的分句可置于句首? 30. [解析]d引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的從屬連詞that與whether的區(qū)別是:句子成分完整且表意確定時(shí)選用that連接,句意不確定時(shí)選用whether/if連接;借助it,將真正主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)后置,構(gòu)成“it…that”句型,但whether/if不可;下列情形用whether不用if:與or not 連用,中間無(wú)其他詞隔開;作介詞賓語(yǔ);在主語(yǔ)從句?表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中?

【第3篇 2023高考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)：主謂一致

主謂一致是歷年高考試題中的測(cè)試重點(diǎn)之一。一般與其它知識(shí)綜合起來(lái)考察。近幾年語(yǔ)境綜合化程度越來(lái)越高。分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、定語(yǔ)從句等場(chǎng)合下的主謂一致問題仍將會(huì)是今后高考命題的熱點(diǎn)。 主謂一致是指一個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞保持人稱與數(shù)的一致關(guān)系。有些句子不易直接看出主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)，需仔細(xì)推敲。處理主謂一致要注意語(yǔ)法一致，意義上一致和就近一致。 高考重點(diǎn)要求： 1. 根據(jù)主謂一致的三個(gè)原則(語(yǔ)法一致,意義一致，就近一致), 判斷和確定句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致 2. 掌握固定詞組作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與主語(yǔ)保持一致 考生在掌握主謂一致的基本原則的同時(shí)，也要特別注意語(yǔ)法一致的原則，而且分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、定語(yǔ)從句等場(chǎng)合下的主謂一致問題仍將會(huì)是今后高考命題的熱點(diǎn)。 復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)需注意的要點(diǎn) 1、 集體名詞看作整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，看作各個(gè)成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。 例如：his family isn’t large. his family are all fond of music. 2、 些名詞如news, maths, physics等雖然有詞尾“s”但意義上是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。 例如：the news is wonderful. physics is an interesting subject. 3、 由數(shù)詞+表示重量、里程、時(shí)間、金錢等名詞所構(gòu)成的復(fù)數(shù)名詞主語(yǔ)，是當(dāng)作一個(gè)整體看待的，后面用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。 例如：five minutes is too short. ten dollars is enough. 4、 主語(yǔ)后面跟有介詞with或together with 引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般與前面的主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)一致。 例如：the teacher together with ten students is doing an e_periment in the lab. 5、 主語(yǔ)前有every或each修飾時(shí)，無(wú)論有幾個(gè)主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 例如：every teacher and every student in our school has been to the century park. 精選試題 模擬題及其答案 1、he is the only one of the students who _______a winner of scholarship for three years. a. is b. are c. have been d. has been 2、professor smith, along with his assistants, ____ on the project day and night to meet the deadline. a. work b. working c. is working d. are working 3、not only ______interested in football but ______beginning to show an interest in it. a. the teacher himself is … all his students are b. the teacher himself is …are all his students c. is the teacher himself …are all his students d. is the teacher himself …all his students are 4、----“each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _____ to go to university.” ----“so do i.” a. hope b. hopes c. hoping d. hoped a. is playing b. have played c. are playing d. hoped 6、books of this kind ______ well. a. sell b. sells c. are sold d. is sold 7、every possible means ______ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. a. is used b. are used c. has been used d. have been used 8、when and where to go for the on-salary holiday ______ yet. a. are not decided b. have not been decided c. is not being decided d. has not been decided 9、the number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them _____ absent for different reasons. a. were, was b. was, was c. was, were d. were, were 10、______ of the land in that district ______ covered with trees and grass. a. two fifth…is b. two fifth…are c. two fifths…is d. two fifths…are 11. nowadays，a large number of women，especially those who conicfromthe countryside， inthe clothing industry'. a .is working b.works c.work d worked 12._ of the land in that district covered withtrees and grass. a.two-fifth;is b.two-fifth;are c two-fifths;is d two-fifths;are 13.about 90 percent of the equipment presented by the administration，as well as the facilities of our own， made good use of in teaching. a.have b.has c.have been d.has been a was;were b were;was c.were;were d.w;was 15.a large of money is spent on the hope project and a good inany schools setp. a amount：has been b amount：have been c.number;has been d deal;have been 16.large quantities ofinformafion，as well as methnely help， since the organization was built. a has offered b.had been omred c.have been offered d.is offered 17. your brother or you to blame for the broken tv set? a.be b.are c is d were 18. changed，and whatever men can do，woltllen call do，too a age had b ages have c.times have d time has 19.to play table tennis and to go swimming good for character training a is b.are c was d were 20.she is the only one of the students who a winner of the match. a.1s b are c.have been d.had been 21. more than one high official by the police since the mayor war shot dead. a.has been questioned b. have been questioned c. was questioned d.were questioned 22.half of the food in the bag bad.you’d better throw it away. a. has b.have c .are d. ls 23.what we want good te_tbooks. a .have b.has c. is d .are 24.he no less than i eager goto the great wall. a. am b. is c.are d.were 25.the construction of the two new railway lines by now. 26.the famous writer as well as his wife and daughter said to our party，but so far they . a .are;have attended;don’t turn up b.is;have attended;haven’t turnedp c.is;attend;haven’t turned up d. are;attend;don’t turn up 27.today chinese by more and more people around the world a.was spoken b. speak c.spoke d. is spoken 28. what you said quite to the point but what we need e_perienced technical workers. a. is;ale b. is;is c.are;are d.are;is a. have played b.are playing c. is playing d.has been played 30.一cydia，what did you hear our teacher said just now? 一every boy and every girl as well as the teacher who to lead the group asked to be at the school gate before 6：30 in the morning a.is;is b. are;ate c.are;is d. is;are 答案與解析 1、解析答案為d。 這是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。在one前是否有定冠詞決定定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式：one of the students中的先行詞是the students，定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。the only one of the students中的先行詞是the only one，定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。又因“for three years”是完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志。 2、解析答案：cprofessor smith決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù);his assistants和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)無(wú)關(guān)。 3、解析答案為d not only …but (also )連結(jié)兩個(gè)句子，用部分倒裝。 4、解析 答案為b?！癳ach of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)”謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 5、解析 本題考察主謂一致，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有as well as短語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不受as well as之后的名詞影響，仍然和主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。 6、解析答案為a。 “kind(s) of + 名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)依kind 單復(fù)數(shù)而定;“復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + of this/that kind ”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)依of 前面的名詞而定。本題中sell 用作不及物動(dòng)詞表示“銷售”。 7、解析答案為c。 mean單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)一個(gè)形式。在本題中代表單數(shù)。 8、解析答案為d。 不定式作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 9、解析答案為c?！皌he number of” 表示“……的數(shù)量”，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù);“a number of”表示“許多”，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。 10、解析 答案為c?？疾鞌?shù)詞和主謂一致。分?jǐn)?shù)詞在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須跟分?jǐn)?shù)詞所修飾的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。 11c。解析句子的主語(yǔ)是a large number of women，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。其中speciallythose who conicfromthe countryside是插入成分，作womell的同位語(yǔ)。因此正確答案是c。 12.c。解析第一空考查分?jǐn)?shù)的構(gòu)成，當(dāng)分子大于l時(shí)，分母應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。又因主語(yǔ)two-fifths the land中l(wèi)and是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。所以答案選c。 13 d。解析本句的主語(yǔ)是about 90 percent of the equipment，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式。又因?yàn)橹^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 14 a。解析the nunther of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;a nunther of可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，所吼答案選a。 15.b。解析money是不可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)用a large amount of修飾;謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 16 c。解析解答本韙時(shí)應(yīng)注意as well as連接兩個(gè)名詞詞組作主語(yǔ)時(shí)主謂一致的問題。large quantities of十名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;再結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，此處應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 17.c。解析考查主謂一致的就近原則。因?yàn)殡x謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞最近的是your brother，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式。 18.c。解析time在本句中意為時(shí)代，是可數(shù)名詞，通常用復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 19.b。解析此處兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，表示的不是同一個(gè)概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，且句中沒有明顯的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 20.a解析句中關(guān)系代詞who指代的是only one of，所以從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。 2l a。解析考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。more than one+單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，又由since引導(dǎo)的從句的時(shí)態(tài)可知主句時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故答案選a。 22 d。解析分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子的主語(yǔ)是half of the food，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，且bad為形容詞，故答案選d。 23 d。解析當(dāng)what引導(dǎo)的從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由句子意思來(lái)確定。te_tbooks為復(fù)數(shù)形式，故句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式。 24 b。解析本句的主語(yǔ)是he，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式，所以答案選b。 25 a。解析句子的主語(yǔ)是the construction，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式，且由句意可知，此處應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故答案選a。 26c。解析as well as連接兩個(gè)名詞詞組作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與as weⅱas前的名詞保持一致，所以第一空謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;第二空應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞原形，不定式表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作;第三空由so far可知應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，所以答案選c。 27 d解析主語(yǔ)是chinese漢語(yǔ)，所以句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。speak和chinese之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，此處應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。且由today可知，此處應(yīng)用—般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故答案選d。 28 a。解析由what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式，但如果其表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故答案選a。 29 c。解析as well as連接兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)和as well as前面的名詞保持一致。d項(xiàng)是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不正確，所答案選c。 30c。解析every boy and every girl作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，所以第二空應(yīng)該用is;who引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前面的先行詞teacher，所以第一空應(yīng)該用are。故答案選c。

【第4篇 2023高考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包括不定式、動(dòng)詞ing和過(guò)去分詞等幾種形式，這是歷年高考必考內(nèi)容，每年都會(huì)有1-2題涉及該部分要點(diǎn)?？键c(diǎn)集中在：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別;動(dòng)名詞和不定式作賓語(yǔ)的用法比較;現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的用法比較;特定句型中非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法等。 高考考點(diǎn)透視 1.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成和語(yǔ)法功能及用法對(duì)比。 2.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的完成式、被動(dòng)式的用法和特點(diǎn)。 3.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)及否定形式。 4.不定式與動(dòng)名詞，動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞，現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞，分詞作狀語(yǔ)與獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)等用法對(duì)比。 5.不定式和動(dòng)名詞在及物動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別是考查的熱點(diǎn)。 6.過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，不定式和分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法。 7.不定式標(biāo)志to和介詞to的用法判斷等。 8.帶to與不帶to的不定式的用法及區(qū)別。 考點(diǎn)一、考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的識(shí)別 英語(yǔ)句子至少應(yīng)該包括主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)兩部分, 而多數(shù)情況下謂語(yǔ)都由動(dòng)詞來(lái)充當(dāng)。如果對(duì)句子成分劃分不清，把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞混淆, 做題效果可想而知。要克服這一毛病，關(guān)鍵在于正確判斷、識(shí)別動(dòng)詞在句中是否充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)。如： 1. the children (play) _____ the violin over there will go on the stage ne_t week. 根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，我們可以看出這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。主語(yǔ)是the children，謂語(yǔ)部分是will go on the stage，動(dòng)詞play顯然在句中不作謂語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。依據(jù)play與它的邏輯主語(yǔ)children之間的主動(dòng)關(guān)系以及拉小提琴動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，可以判斷用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)修飾children，意為“正在那邊拉小提琴的小孩”，因而正確答案為playing。 考點(diǎn)二、考查作狀語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的辨析 作狀語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主要考查其各種形式的辨析，即是選擇動(dòng)詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ), 不同的狀語(yǔ)對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的要求不同。 動(dòng)詞不定式主要作目的、結(jié)果和原因狀語(yǔ);現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞主要作時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、方式和伴隨狀語(yǔ)，兩者不同之處在于：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作就是句子主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作,即它的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)，它們之間的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，而過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，雖然它的邏輯主語(yǔ)也是句子的主語(yǔ)，但過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作是句子主語(yǔ)承受的動(dòng)作，它們之間的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。請(qǐng)看下面例題： 1.____tired of tom’s all-talk-no-action attitude, julia decided to do the job all by herself. a) to get b) to have got c) getting d) have got 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，在句子中沒有連接詞的情況下, 逗號(hào)是無(wú)力連接兩個(gè)句子的。據(jù)此，首先可以確定 這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)放在句首作狀語(yǔ)。依據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)get tired of與其邏輯主語(yǔ)julia之間的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，以及謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，沒有明顯的先后順序，可以斷定應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞一般式作原因狀語(yǔ),即“由于厭倦了tom只說(shuō)不做的工作態(tài)度”，故正確答案為c。 考點(diǎn)三、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞邏輯主語(yǔ)的分辨 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雖然在句中不作謂語(yǔ)，但仍然有自己邏輯上的主語(yǔ)。歷年各種考試的重點(diǎn)在于正確分辨非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是什么，兩者之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，特別是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)的時(shí)候。我們知道，當(dāng)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放在句首作狀語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)，那么，當(dāng)它的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是句子的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，又會(huì)出現(xiàn)什么現(xiàn)象呢?請(qǐng)看下面例題： 1. the last bus (go)____, we had to walk home. 2. weather (permit)____, the spaceship will be launched tomorrow evening. 這兩個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)都不是句子的主語(yǔ)，而是分別有它自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，即“是 末班車開走了，而不是我們走了”,“是天氣允許,而不是飛船允許”，這種現(xiàn)象或結(jié)構(gòu)就是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。依據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)關(guān)系,正確答案分別為having gone和permitting。 請(qǐng)?jiān)倏聪旅胬}： 3. the work (finish) _____, they may go home. 4. the problem (discuss) _____ at the meeting- room now, the workers had to wait outdoors. 同樣，這兩道題的結(jié)構(gòu)也是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。依據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間的被動(dòng)關(guān)系以及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間性，可以判斷正確答案分別為finished(已完成)和being discussed(正在進(jìn)行)。 考點(diǎn)四、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)的把握 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雖然在句中不作謂語(yǔ)，但它仍然具有動(dòng)詞的特征，即可以有自己的主語(yǔ)(邏輯主語(yǔ)),也可以有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)形式都是依據(jù)句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)形式而變化的。一般情況下，如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或之后發(fā)生, 就用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一般式或進(jìn)行式(側(cè)重強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行);如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，就用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的完成式(特別強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)在于正確把握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。例如： ____ that bob had got promoted, his friends came to congratulate him. a) heard b) having heard c) hear d) to hear 依據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞hear與其邏輯主語(yǔ)his friends之間的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，以及前后句的邏輯關(guān)系，可以斷定用現(xiàn)在分詞形式來(lái)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，再根據(jù)現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作“聽說(shuō)”發(fā)生在主要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“來(lái)”之前，由此判斷應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式(只用作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)使用)，意為“聽說(shuō)bob已得到提升，他的朋友都來(lái)向他表示祝賀”，故正確答案為b。 考點(diǎn)五、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)句式的轉(zhuǎn)變 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞)作主語(yǔ)主要考查其句式的轉(zhuǎn)變，習(xí)慣上通常把it作為形式主語(yǔ)放在句首，作題時(shí)要善于分辨這種形式上的轉(zhuǎn)變。請(qǐng)看下面例題： 1. it is an honour for me (be) _____ your english teacher. 2. it is no use of us (wait) _____ at home like this. 根據(jù)對(duì)句式的分析，可以判斷出it是形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)由非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞)來(lái)充當(dāng)。依據(jù)表語(yǔ)的特性以及句式的特點(diǎn),我們可以斷定第1題應(yīng)該填動(dòng)詞不定式，即to be，第2題應(yīng)該填動(dòng)名詞，即waiting。 六、考查作定語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的判斷 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)主要考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作后置定語(yǔ)的情況，這里關(guān)鍵要把握住非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)行為還是被動(dòng)行為,以及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間性，即是正在進(jìn)行或已經(jīng)完成還是將要發(fā)生。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，用現(xiàn)在分詞一般式作定語(yǔ)往往表示動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)行為且正在進(jìn)行當(dāng)中，如果動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)行為且正在進(jìn)行當(dāng)中，就用現(xiàn)在分詞一般式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)往往表示動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)行為且已經(jīng)完成; 用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，如果是被動(dòng)行為，就用動(dòng)詞不定式一般式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 例如： 1. the boy (cry)____ over there is my younger brother. 依據(jù)cry與它的邏輯主語(yǔ)the boy之間的主動(dòng)關(guān)系和cry的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)修飾boy，因而正確答案為crying。 精選試題 模擬題及其答案 1. everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _______a good college. a. enter。mb. to enter c. entering。md. entered 2he ran as fast as he could _____ to catch the early bus. a. to hope。mb. hope c. hoping。md. hoped 3.he spent every minute he could _____ spoken english. a. practise。mb. to practise c. practising。md. practised 4.before going abroad he devoted all he could _______ his oral english. a. improve。mb. to improve c. improvingd. to improving 5. he knows nothing about it, so he can’t help _______ any of your work. a. doingb. to do c. being doingd. to be done 6. all her time _______ e_periments, she has no time for films. a. devoted to do b. devoted to doing c. devoting to doing d. is devoted to doing a. you fly b. your flight c. flight d. flying 8. not only should you get used ______ under difficult conditions but you also you pay more attention ______ your work well. a. to work, to do b. to working, to doing c. to work, to doing d. to working, to do a. to buy b. buying c. on buying d. in buying 10. “do you have anything more ______, sir?” “no. you can have a rest or do something else.” a. typing b. to be typed c. typed d. to type 11. i don’t know whether you happen ____ it, but i’m going to study in the u.s.a. this september. a. to be heard b. to be hearing c. to hear d. to have heard 12. _____ and out of breath, we reached the top of the mountain and stopped _____ the beautiful scenery. a. tiring; to admire b. being tired; admiring c. tired; to admire d. tired; admiring 13. don’t leave the water ____ while you brush your teeth. a. run b. running c. being run d. to run 14. he looked around and caught a man _____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. a. put b. to be put c. to put d. putting 15. _____ the diamond, he had to look for a place to hide it. a. having stolen b. having been stolen c. stolen d. stealing 16. to answer correctly is more important than _____. a. that you finish quickly b. finishing quickly c. to finish quickly d. finish quickly 17. you will see this product made in this factory _____ wherever you go. a. to be advertised b. advertised c. advertise d. advertising 18. the monument was built in honor of the e_plorer who was believed _____ the river. a. to have discovered b. to have been discovered c. to discover d. having been discovered 19. —— have you considered _____ your job as a teacher? ——yes. i like the job because a teacher is often considered _____ a gardener. a. to change; to be b. to change; being c. changing; being d. changing; to be 20. mr. green is said _____ an e_periment to prove the new method of solving the problem when young. a. to do b. to have done c. to be doing d. to have been doing 21. seeing the soldiers well _____ for the flood-fight, the general nodded with satisfaction. a. prepare b. preparing c. prepared d. having prepared 22.(山西省晉中市2023學(xué)年度高三年級(jí)第一次調(diào)研考試題，35)i walked out of the cinema, a.determining b.decided c.to determine d.to decide 23.(山東省日照市2023年高三模擬考試，26)every time he had a chance，he would talk about the great difficulty he had in the new country. a.settled b.settling c.to settle d.settle 24. (山東省濟(jì)寧市2023—2023學(xué)年度高三第一階段質(zhì)量檢測(cè)，32)there was a sudden burst of light a terrible noise. a.following b.to follow c.followed d.followed by 25.(福建福州八中2023年元月高三調(diào)研考試試卷，30) in a red skirt in the opening ceremony of the 2023 olympic games, the little girl lin miaoke won the hearts of the people all over the world. a.dressed b.worn c.dressing d.wearing 26.(福建福州八中2023年元月高三調(diào)研考試試卷，34)the problems at the meeting tomorrow are really hard to solve. a.discussed b.to discuss c.to be discussed d.discussing 27.(唐山市2023-2023學(xué)年度高一第一次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)，20) when why he behaved that way at table，he made no reply. a.being asked b. asked c.asking d.to ask 28. (唐山市2023-2023學(xué)年度高一第一次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)，23) ，mom had a cup of coffee and a few minutes’ rest. a.with her housework done b.with her housework being done c.with her housework doing d.with her housework to do 29.(湖南省衡陽(yáng)市八中2023年上期高二第一次月考試卷，31)the manager introduced the rules that she would like to see _______ the ne_t year. a. establish b. establishing c. established d. to establish a. losing b. lost c. having lost d. having been lost 答案與解析解析 1. 解析其實(shí)正確答案應(yīng)是b此句為省略句，即在 could 后省略了動(dòng)詞 do，若把句子補(bǔ)完整應(yīng)為everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短語(yǔ)(to enter a good college)是用作目的狀語(yǔ)的，而不是與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(could)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。 2 解析此題的答案是 c不是a，其中的現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ) hoping to catch the early bus 用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。 3. 解析此題答案選 c，這與前面動(dòng)詞 spent 的搭配有關(guān)，即 spend … (in) doing sth。若將此句補(bǔ)充完整，即為 he spent every minute he could spend in practising spoken english. 4. 解析此題答案選d，注意兩點(diǎn)：一是 devote … to … 是固定搭配，意為“把……貢獻(xiàn)給……”;二是其中的 to 是介詞，不是不定式符號(hào)，后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞。 5. 解析其實(shí)答案應(yīng)選a。比較以下結(jié)構(gòu)： can’t help to do sth = 不能幫助做某事 can’t help doing sth = 禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事 6. 解析此題答案為b?，F(xiàn)分析如下： (1) devote 意為“致力于，獻(xiàn)身于”，主要用 devote…to…或be devoted to，其中的to 是介詞，不是不定式符號(hào)，故后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞，不用不定式。 (2) 選a錯(cuò)誤：若將 do 改為 doing 則可以。 (3) 選b正確：all her time devoted to doing e_periments為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，用作狀語(yǔ)。 (4) 選c錯(cuò)誤：因?yàn)閍ll her time 與 devote 為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)將devoting改為devoted。 (5) 選d錯(cuò)誤：若單獨(dú)看 all her time is devoted to doing e_periments，此句并沒有錯(cuò)，但問題是逗號(hào)前后兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句沒有必要的連接方式，所以從整體上看仍不對(duì)，假若在后一句的句首加上and或so，則可選d，或?qū)將中的is 改為 being也可選它。 7. 解析答案為d。由于空格后出現(xiàn)了constantly這一副詞，這就說(shuō)明不能選b或c，因?yàn)閎、c均為名詞，不能受副詞 constantly 的修飾。a和d均是可能的，因?yàn)槠渲杏袆?dòng)詞 fly。但若選a，you fly 是一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，與其后的謂語(yǔ) will be 相沖突，所以只能選d，即動(dòng)名詞flying在此用作主語(yǔ)。 8. 解析正確答案為b，因?yàn)?get used to與pay attention to 這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中的to均為介詞，不是不定式符號(hào)，故后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞，不能動(dòng)詞原形。類似地，以下各結(jié)構(gòu)中的 to 也是介詞，不是不定式符號(hào)，后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)也應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞，而不是動(dòng)詞原形 9. 解析答案應(yīng)選c。其實(shí)，動(dòng)詞 insist 后既不能接不定式也不能接動(dòng)名詞，因?yàn)閕nsist 通常用作不及物動(dòng)詞;若語(yǔ)義上需接賓語(yǔ)，要借助介詞 on或upon，即用于 insist on [upon] (doing) sth;但它有時(shí)的確也可用作及物動(dòng)詞，不過(guò)其賓語(yǔ)通常只能是 that 從句，而不能是普通的名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。 10. 解析答案是b。確實(shí)，在“have+賓語(yǔ)+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，用作定語(yǔ)的不定式通常用主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)含義，如 i have some clothes to wash等，即盡管其中的 some clothes 與其后的不定式 to wash 具有被動(dòng)關(guān)系，但卻習(xí)慣上用主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義。但值得指出的是，這類句型的主語(yǔ)與其后的不定式具有主動(dòng)關(guān)系，如 i have some clothes to wash 中的 to wash 就是由該句主語(yǔ) i 來(lái)完成的。而上面一題的情形有所不同，即其中的 to type 這一動(dòng)作不是由句子主語(yǔ) you來(lái)完成的，而是由說(shuō)話者“我”來(lái)完成的。 11. 解析happen to have done sth 為不定式的完成時(shí), 表示一個(gè)已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作,強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)于現(xiàn)在的影響. 答案d 12. 解析tired and out of breath為“形容詞和介詞短語(yǔ)”在句中作狀語(yǔ)。stop to do sth. 停下來(lái)去做另外一件事 答案c 13. 解析非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),選項(xiàng)a、d表示將來(lái)可能發(fā)生的動(dòng)作;b表示賓語(yǔ)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作,根據(jù)句意選b,表示水不停地流出。 答案b 14. 解析catch sb doing sth表示發(fā)覺或當(dāng)場(chǎng)捉住 sb在做一件事情。 答案d 15. 解析從動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間來(lái)看，應(yīng)是先偷鉆石，再找地方藏匿，故用-ing形式的完成式。 答案 a 16. 解析題意為“正確做出答案要比快速完成更重要”。兩個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)在形式上應(yīng)保持一致。 答案c 17. 解析advertise意為“為……登廣告”。made in this factory作定語(yǔ)修飾product; advertised作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 答案b 18. 解析用不定式的完成式表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在(定語(yǔ))從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前。 答案 a 19. 解析consider 作“考慮”解時(shí)，后常接-ing形式(短語(yǔ))作賓語(yǔ);作“認(rèn)為” 解時(shí)，后常接含有名詞、形容詞或to be的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。 答案d 20. 解析由when young可知此處應(yīng)該用不定式的完成式，表示此動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前。 答案b 21. 解析由固定短語(yǔ)be (well) prepared for可知此處應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。 答案c 22. 解析determining 與主語(yǔ)i 是主謂關(guān)系，逗號(hào)后面不是一個(gè)并列句，因此排除選項(xiàng)b。不定式一般表示將來(lái)，不符合題意。 答案 a 23. 解析have difficulty (in)doing sth為固定搭配，因此選b。 答案b 24. 解析根據(jù)常識(shí)，先看見閃電，后聽見雷聲，因此要用過(guò)去分詞，由by引出賓語(yǔ)。 答案d 25. 解析dressed in+衣服，固定搭配，表示處于一種狀態(tài)。 答案 a 26. 解析the problems 與discuss之間是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);tomorrow這個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)決定應(yīng)該是將來(lái)的事情，不定式可以表示將來(lái)，因此選c。 答案c 27. 解析句意：當(dāng)他被問到在餐桌旁為什么那樣表現(xiàn)時(shí)，他沒有做出回答。根據(jù)題意，應(yīng)選過(guò)去分詞，此處為省略句，相當(dāng)于when he was asked......。 答案b 28. 解析housework和do是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，過(guò)去分詞done表示被動(dòng)和完成，符合題意。意思是“做完家務(wù)后，媽媽喝了一杯咖啡，然后休息了一會(huì)兒?！? 答案 a 29. 解析see sth done 固定搭配，establish與rules之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。句子的意思是：經(jīng)理介紹了一些她希望明年生效的規(guī)定。 答案c 30. 解析句意強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)沉思，而不知道下一步將要做什么事情。由主語(yǔ)he，我們可知應(yīng)用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，排除選項(xiàng)d;having lost表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，不和題意，排除c;過(guò)去分詞作形容詞，可以表示主語(yǔ)所處的一種狀態(tài)，符合題意。 答案b

【第5篇 2023高考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)：形容詞和副詞

2023高考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)：形容詞和副詞 形容詞、副詞是每年高考必考點(diǎn)之一，近幾年語(yǔ)境綜合化程度越來(lái)越高，難度加大。高考熱點(diǎn)有：形容詞、副詞詞義辨析;原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、級(jí)的使用;倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方法;比較等級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ);多個(gè)形容詞的排列順序;常見形容詞、副詞的慣用法等。 關(guān)于形容詞與副詞這一考點(diǎn)，主要考查以下幾個(gè)方面： 1.考查形容詞和副詞的基本用法 形容詞在句中一般作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，而副詞在句中主要作狀語(yǔ)。 2.考查形容詞作定語(yǔ)的后置規(guī)律 形容詞作定語(yǔ)一般位于所修飾的名詞前，但下列三種情況形容詞要后置：①形容詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí);②表語(yǔ)形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí);③修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)。 3.考查多個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)的排序 多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)，其排序規(guī)律是：(限定詞+程度副詞+) 描繪+大小(長(zhǎng)短、高低)+形狀+年齡(新舊)+顏色+國(guó)籍或產(chǎn)地+物質(zhì)材料+類別或用途+名詞。 4.考查副詞在句中的位置規(guī)律 副詞修飾形容詞或其它副詞時(shí)，一般位于被修飾詞的前面，但enough卻要放在被修飾的形容詞或副詞的后面。 5.考查–ed形容詞和-ing形容詞的區(qū)別 -ed形容詞，通常說(shuō)明人，意為“(某人)感到……”;-ing形容詞通常說(shuō)明事物，意為“(某事物)令人……”或“令人……的(事物)”。 6.考查兩種不同形式的副詞的用法差異 即考查與形容詞同形的副詞與形容詞后加ly構(gòu)成的副詞的區(qū)別。 7.考查形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)。 8.考查比較等級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)。 考點(diǎn)1： 在具體的語(yǔ)境中辨析形容詞與副詞的語(yǔ)義 從復(fù)現(xiàn)的頻率來(lái)看，此點(diǎn)是高考對(duì)形容詞、副詞考查的第一大熱點(diǎn)。解答此類題關(guān)鍵是要分析具體的語(yǔ)境，結(jié)合基本詞義、搭配等來(lái)選擇正確的答案。 考點(diǎn)2：考查形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)、級(jí)及前面的修飾語(yǔ) 備考清單 1) 比較級(jí)、級(jí)的選用及應(yīng)用范圍 比較級(jí)、級(jí)常用于表示兩者或多者間的比較。復(fù)習(xí)中須注意如下句型的用法： ① as + 原級(jí)adj. / adv. + as表示“和……一樣”及not as / so + 原級(jí)adj. / adv. + as表示“不如……”。例如： (94全國(guó)) john plays football as well as, if not better than, david. the piano in the other shop will be cheaper, but not as good. ② as + 原級(jí)adj. + a(n) + n. + as表示“跟……一樣”。例如： (2001全國(guó)) it’s generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science. (2023北京) our neighbour has as big a house as ours. ③ 比較級(jí) + than表“比……更”及l(fā)ess ... than表示“不如……”。例如： this year they have produced less grain than they did last year. this road is wider than that one. ④ the + 比較級(jí)， the + 比較級(jí)表示“越……，就越……”。例如： (93上海) it’s believed that the harder you work, the better result you’ll get. ⑤ the +比較級(jí)+ of the + 名詞 / 代詞表示兩者中“較……的”。例如： who is the younger of the two boys? ⑥比較級(jí) + 比較級(jí)(越來(lái)越……)。___ 例如： our country is getting stronger and stronger. things became worse and worse from then on. ⑦用the last表示“最不可能的”、“最不適合的”、“最不希望的”等。例如: the last thing i want to do is to offend you.我最不愿意做的就是惹你生氣。 he is the last man i want to see.他是我最不希望見的人。 2) 形容詞、副詞原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、級(jí)前的程度狀語(yǔ) ① 注意一些形容詞或副詞前的特定修飾語(yǔ)。例如： (2023廣東) sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasn’t always that much to do. (那樣多) i quite like it. they are quite different / wrong. quite possible / impossible my hometown is much changed. much to my surprise(很讓我吃驚) be well worth doing (很值得做) ② 比較級(jí)前?？捎胹till, even, much, far, a lot / little / few / bit, rather, any, a great deal, so far, by far, no等詞修飾。(注意more不用于修飾比較級(jí))。例如： (94全國(guó)) if there were no e_aminations, we should have a much happier time. (2000上海) you’re standing too near the cinema. can you move a bit farther? this is by far the better. ③ 級(jí)可用序數(shù)詞、much、 by far、 nearly、 almost等詞修飾。例如： africa is the second largest continent. the pacific is by far the largest ocean. i like this film the very best / much the best. 考點(diǎn)3：形容詞作表語(yǔ)，形容詞、副詞作后置定語(yǔ) 備考清單 1) 形容詞用于系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ) 在最近幾年高考試題中系動(dòng)詞加形容詞作表語(yǔ)的情況出現(xiàn)過(guò)很多次。高考對(duì)此點(diǎn)的考查集中于區(qū)別到底是系動(dòng)詞還是一般動(dòng)詞并選擇合適的形容詞，而不是副詞作表語(yǔ)。常見的聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞有如下三類： 表示感覺的系動(dòng)詞：sound, look, taste, appear, smell, feel, seem等 表示狀態(tài)存在的系動(dòng)詞：remain, keep, stay, continue, prove, lie, stand等。例如： 2) 形容詞、副詞作后置定語(yǔ) 備考清單 常見的幾種修飾語(yǔ)后置的情況有： ①形容詞修飾something, nothing, anything, everything等不定代詞時(shí)要后置。②present作“出席的”時(shí)只作后置定語(yǔ)。③表語(yǔ)形容詞如alive, asleep, awake, alone等只能作后置定語(yǔ)。④副詞修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí), 放在動(dòng)詞之后。修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí), 放在被修飾詞之前。enough修飾形容詞、副詞時(shí)要后置，修飾名詞時(shí)可放在名詞的前后。形容詞短語(yǔ)修飾名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)要后置。用and或or連接的形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)要后置, 起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。表數(shù)量的詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)要后置。副詞修飾形容詞的特殊詞序, “so, as, how, too + 形容詞 + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”。 考點(diǎn)4：倍數(shù)表達(dá)法 備考清單 三種常見倍數(shù)表達(dá)法： 1) 倍數(shù) + as + 原級(jí)形容詞 + as ...。例如： this road is three times as long as that one. 2) 倍數(shù) + the size / length / width / depth / height of ...。例如： the river is five times the width of that one. 3) 倍數(shù) + 比較級(jí) + than + 被比較對(duì)象。例如： the sun is a million times larger than the earth. 考點(diǎn)5： 多個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的排序問題及語(yǔ)序不同意義不同的詞組 備考清單 1) 多個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的排序問題 多個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的排序一般遵從如下規(guī)律： 如果兩個(gè)以上的形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，與被修飾的名詞關(guān)系較密切的形容詞靠近名詞;如果幾個(gè)形容詞的密切程度差不多，則音節(jié)少的形容詞在前，音節(jié)多的在后。例如：a small wonderful gift 常用的順序?yàn)椋? 限定詞+描繪性形容詞(beautiful)+大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低等形容性形容詞+(large, long, high)+新舊(old)+顏色(red)+產(chǎn)地(chinese)+材料(wood)+用途(writing)+被修飾名詞(desk) 記住以上規(guī)則是必要的，但還應(yīng)多閱讀、多體會(huì)，增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)感是關(guān)鍵。例如： all these last few days 最近的這些日子 some beautiful little red flowers 一些美麗的小紅花 a high red brick wall 一堵高高的紅磚墻 a beautiful white japanese military jeep 一輛漂亮的白色日本軍用吉普車 其中限定詞的排列順序?yàn)椋? all / both / half / double / 倍數(shù)詞 / 分?jǐn)?shù)詞 + 冠詞 / 指示代詞 / 物主代詞 / 名詞所有格 / some / any / no / every / each +基數(shù)詞 / 序數(shù)詞 / little / few / last / ne_t / other / another / more，形容詞的排列順序?yàn)椋捍笮　㈤L(zhǎng)短、高低、新舊、顏色、產(chǎn)地、材料、用途、類別等。 盡管以上給出了排序的基本規(guī)律，但由于所涉及的詞太多，想要記清楚確實(shí)有難度。下面給出四句口訣輔助記憶： 所有這些詞， 順序往后數(shù); 美小圓舊黃，法國(guó)木書房。 上面口訣中前兩句主要用于解決排在最前邊的多個(gè)限定詞之間的順序。它可以應(yīng)用于all (所有) these (這些) last (順序) few (數(shù)量) days短語(yǔ)中。這個(gè)短語(yǔ)基本上可以體現(xiàn)多個(gè)限定詞之間的先后順序。口訣后兩句可對(duì)應(yīng)一句話“this is a charming small round old yellow french wood reading room.”其中多個(gè)形容詞之間的先后順序基本上可以在這一句中得以體現(xiàn)，而且漢語(yǔ)歌訣的形式將使記憶更形象、更深刻。利用以上歌訣時(shí)是“抓兩頭”，即牢記排在最前邊的限定詞及排在最后邊的形容詞，如產(chǎn)地、材料、用途等，則能輕松突破此難點(diǎn)。 考點(diǎn)6： 考查形容詞與副詞區(qū)別, 易混詞帶有-ly的形容詞、副詞及復(fù)合形容詞 備考清單 1) 注意如下有無(wú)-ly的形容詞和副詞的意義區(qū)別： wide / high / deep(具體的意義)寬 / 高 / 深 widely / highly / deeply(抽象意義)廣泛地 / 高度地 / 深深地 most十分、非常 / 最多(大)的 mostly主要地、絕大多數(shù)地、多半 close靠近地 closely密切地、仔細(xì)地 late遲的，遲到的 lately最近、近來(lái) direct直接(主要用于談?wù)撀烦毯蜁r(shí)間,和straight意思相同) directly直率地、立即 2) 注意合成形容詞本質(zhì)上是一個(gè)形容詞，其合成部份中的名詞不能變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。例如： he wrote a two-thousand-word report. his uncle is 6 feet tall. he is a forty-year old man. 3) “名詞+ ly”構(gòu)成的是形容詞，而不是副詞。 這類形容詞有friendly, lovely, weekly, monthly, daily等 4) 有些詞既可以作形容詞也可以作副詞。例如: he got up late, so he was late for school again. can you see that straight road? go straight along this road, you’ll find the supermarket at the end. this maths problem was hard. i thought hard and got the answer at last. 精選試題 模擬題及其答案 1. how beautifully she sings! i have never heard _____ voice. a. a better b. a best c. the better d. the best 2. professor white has written some short stories, but he is _____ known for his plays. a. the best b. more c. better d. the most 3. the plane flew smoothly ______ in the sky and people spoke ______ of the e_perienced pilot. a. high;high b. highly;highly c. high;highly d. highly;high 4. —— what do you think of the concert?—— oh, it was______success. a. a very b. quite a c .so d. really 5. i haven’t seen______ this since i collected stamps. a. as old a stamp as b. so an old stamp as c. stamp as old as d. as an old stamp a 6.the task is too much for me, so i can’t carry on ______any longer. i must get some help. a. singly b.simply c.alone d.lonely 7. have your working conditions improved? ---no, ______than before, i’m afraid. a. no better b.a little batter c.not worse d.no worse 8. to their great relief, the missing child returned home, ______, after an absence of two weeks. a.felt tired and sound b.tiring and soundly c.feeling tired but soundly d.tired but sound 9. we must keep our room clean, for dirt and disease go______, you know. a.hand in hand b.step by step c.from time ti time d.one zfter another 10. how are you getting on with your classates? ——______. i’ve got to know them all. 11. it is always difficult being in a foreign country, __________if you don’t speak the language. a.e_tremely b.naturally c.basically d.especially 12. it is generally believed that teaching is ___________it is a science. a.an art much as b.much an art as c.as an art much as d.as much an art as 13. it is re ported that the united states uses _____ energy as the whole of europe. a. as twice b. twice much c. twice much as d. twice as much 14. john smith, a successful businessman, has a ______car. a. large german white b. large white german c. white large german d. german large white 15. this _____girl is linda’s cousin. a. pretty little spanish b. spanish little pretty c. spanish pretty little d. little pretty spanish 16. mr. smith owns _____collection of coins than anyone else i have ever met. a. larger b. a larger c. the larger d. a large 17.—did you enjoy yourself at the party? —yes. i’ve never been to ______one before. a. a more e_cited b. the most e_cited c. a more e_citing d. the most e_citing 18.—are you going to have a holiday this year? —i'd love to. i can't wait to leave this place ______. a. off b. out c. behind d. over 19. there were a lot of people standing at the door and the small girl couldn’t get _______ a. between b. through c. across d. beyond 20. i thought she was famous, but none of my friends have ______heard of her. a. even b. ever c. just d. never 21. (2023年天津市十二區(qū)縣重點(diǎn)學(xué)校高三畢業(yè)班聯(lián)考(一)，英語(yǔ)，33)——you don’t go to that supermarket quite often, do you? —— no, i only go there ______ because it’s too far away from my house. a. eventually b. constantly c. occasionally d. frequently 22. (2023年天津市十二區(qū)縣重點(diǎn)學(xué)校高三畢業(yè)班聯(lián)考(二)，英語(yǔ)，3)my daughter cares more for new clothes than anything else in the world, so she is very _______ about what she wears. a. special b. strict c. especial d. particular 23.(2023年?yáng)|北三省三校第一次聯(lián)合模擬考試英語(yǔ)試題，英語(yǔ)，24)well, that’s just the deal. ______ price will be out of my reach. a. the higher b. a higher c. the highest d. a highest a.skillfully b.immediately c.normally d.nervously 25.(銀川一中2023屆高三年級(jí)第一次模擬考試，英語(yǔ)，33)attention, coffee lovers! we have for you, the best coffee machine _____ invented. a. ever b. already c. even d. nowadays 26.(2023學(xué)年紹興一中第一次高考模擬試卷，英語(yǔ)，36)it is ______ to spend money in preventing illnesses by promoting healthy living rather than spending it trying to make people ______ after they are ill. a. good; good b. well; better c. better; better d. better; good a.available b.affordable c.helpful d.acceptable 28. (湖北省黃岡中學(xué)2023屆高三第一次模擬考試，英語(yǔ)，28)food safety is ________ important, so the government spares no efforts to prevent food pollution. a.strongly b. reasonably c.highly d. naturally 39.(四川省資陽(yáng)市2023屆高三上學(xué)期第一次模擬考試, 英語(yǔ)，8)10,000 dollars is a large sum of money，but it is still ______than we need for a new house a.very few b.very little c.far fewer d.far less 30. (山東省莒南一中2023—2023學(xué)年度高三第一學(xué)期學(xué)業(yè)水平階段性測(cè)評(píng)，英語(yǔ),22) wouldn’t it be for you to pick me up at four o’clock and take me to the airport. a.free b.vacant c.handy d.convenient 答案與解析 1. 解析a容易誤選d，認(rèn)為級(jí)前要用定冠詞。其實(shí)此題答案為a，該句可視為…i have never heard a better voice than her voice 之省略，全句句意為“她唱得多好啊!我從未聽過(guò)她這么好的聲音”。 2. 解析c此題首先不宜選b或d，因?yàn)?well known 的比較級(jí)和級(jí)通常是 better known和best known，有時(shí)也可以是 more well known 和 most well known，但通常不能是 more known 和 most known。至于是選a還是c，這就要看語(yǔ)境。由于句中涉及的只有 stories 和 plays 兩個(gè)對(duì)象，故應(yīng)選比較級(jí)。 3. 解析c high in the sky 是個(gè)形容詞短語(yǔ)，意為“高高地在天上”。同時(shí)，speak highly of 是個(gè)詞組，表示“高度贊揚(yáng)”的意思。 4. 解析b quite a , quite some用以指人或物不尋常，如we had quite a party.(我們的聚會(huì)不一般。)it must be quite some car.(那輛車可不比尋常。) 5. 解析a表示“象這么舊的郵票”可用以 下形式表達(dá)：as old a stamp as this; a stamp as old as this; 否定句中前一個(gè)as可用so。 6.解析c句意：這項(xiàng)任務(wù)對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)太重了，我再也不能單獨(dú)自己做了，我必須找個(gè)助手。singly各自的，一個(gè)一個(gè)地;simply簡(jiǎn)單的，僅僅，只不過(guò);alone獨(dú)立，單獨(dú);lonely孤獨(dú)的，寂寞的。 7. 解析a你們的工作條件改善了嗎?---沒有，和以前一樣(不好)。no+比較級(jí)+ than 表示“兩者同樣不……的意思”。 8. 解析d句意：使他們寬慰的是，丟失的孩子兩周后又重返家園，雖然很疲憊但很健康。形容詞作狀語(yǔ)表示伴隨或結(jié)果，不表示動(dòng)作的方式。 9. 解析a句意：我們必須保持室內(nèi)衛(wèi)生，你知道臟亂與疾病是分不開的。hand in hand---happenning together and closely connected密切相關(guān)的，同時(shí)發(fā)生的。本句還可說(shuō)成：dirt goes hand in hand with disease. 10. 解析a句意：——你和你們班的同學(xué)相處的如何?——好多了，我和他們都認(rèn)識(shí)了。答語(yǔ)為省略句，補(bǔ)全后應(yīng)為：i’m getting on far better with my classmates. 11. 解析d 本題考查副詞的詞義辨析。注意掌握詞語(yǔ)的準(zhǔn)確含義，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境進(jìn)行分析。a項(xiàng)意為“極端地”;b項(xiàng)意為“自然地”;c項(xiàng)“基本上”;d項(xiàng)“尤其，特別地”。根據(jù)句意“如果你不會(huì)講(它的)語(yǔ)言，在國(guó)外你就總會(huì)困難重重”可知答案。 12.解析d本題可從考查形容詞的同級(jí)比較點(diǎn)入手。在同級(jí)比較as…as句式中，如果as后面的形容詞作定語(yǔ)且其所修飾的名詞前有不定冠詞時(shí)，該冠詞須置于形容詞之后，即形成“as + 形容詞+a / an + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + as”結(jié)構(gòu)。這道題在名詞專題中也有解析，不同的是觀察視角不同，應(yīng)注意培養(yǎng)發(fā)散思維。 13.解析d表示倍數(shù)的twice(兩倍)要放在第一個(gè)as前，即“倍數(shù)+as+形容詞(+名詞)+as”。故選d。 14.解析b large是“大小”，german是“產(chǎn)地”，white是“顏色”;其排列順序應(yīng)當(dāng)是“大小+顏色+產(chǎn)地”。故選b。 15. 解析a pretty是描繪性形容詞，little是表示大小的形容詞，spanish是表示國(guó)籍的形容詞，所以，它們的排序是pretty little spanish。 16.解析b 由than可知要用比較級(jí)，排除選項(xiàng)d;又因collection(收藏品)是可數(shù)名詞，此處為單數(shù)又不是特指，要用不定冠詞a。 17.解析c由yes可知，“我從未參加過(guò)(比這個(gè)晚會(huì))更令人興奮的一場(chǎng)晚會(huì)了?！敝竿頃?huì)是“令人興奮的”，排除選項(xiàng)a和b;由語(yǔ)境可知是隱含式比較級(jí)：以往經(jīng)歷過(guò)的任何一次與這一次晚會(huì)相比，排除d。 18.解析c考查副詞。leave…behind是固定搭配。 19. 解析b get through (=pass)中的through可以是副詞，表示“通過(guò)”。 20.解析b考查副詞用法。因?yàn)閑ver用于否定語(yǔ)、疑問句或條件句中，表示“在任何時(shí)候(=at any time)”，即not…ever = never從不，從來(lái)沒有。 21. 解析c句意：---你不經(jīng)常去超市，是嗎?---不經(jīng)常去，我只是偶爾去，因?yàn)槌须x我們家太遠(yuǎn)。occasionally---sometimes, but not regulary and not often偶爾;eventually ---at last, in the end最后，終于;constantly ---all the time, or very often不斷地，經(jīng)常地;frequently頻繁地，經(jīng)常地。 22. 解析d special特殊的;strict嚴(yán)厲的;especial專門的;be particular about sth對(duì)……很挑剔;符合題意。這句話的意思是：我的女兒對(duì)新衣服和一切新事物都很關(guān)心，因此她對(duì)穿著很挑剔。 23.解析b 句意：好了，成交了，再高了就超出了我的支付能力了。根據(jù)題意，并不是進(jìn)行比較，因此不用比較級(jí)，排除a 和c，而是表示“再”，冠詞a+比較級(jí)表示此意。 24.解析a skillfully技巧熟練地，符合題意。由much to my surpris 可推測(cè)出 the eight-year-old boy應(yīng)該技巧熟練。immediately立即的;normally正常的;nervously緊張的。 25. 解析a句意強(qiáng)調(diào)“我們今天準(zhǔn)備的是曾經(jīng)的” ever 曾經(jīng);already 已經(jīng);even 甚至;nowadays 如今;后三項(xiàng)不符合題意。 26.解析c有than 可知前面一個(gè)空應(yīng)用比較級(jí)，因此排除ab, 根據(jù)題意第二個(gè)空也應(yīng)用比較級(jí)，是生病前后病人身體健康狀況的比較。 27.解析a available可以得到的, 可達(dá)到的, 可用的;affordable買得起的;helpful 有幫助的;acceptable可以接受的;根據(jù)句意，a項(xiàng)符合題意。 28.解析c strongly強(qiáng)壯地，強(qiáng)烈的;reasonably合情合理的;highly 高度地, 很好, 非常;naturally自然的;句意是食品安全非常重要，因此政府不遺余力預(yù)防食物污染。 39.解析d由 than 可知應(yīng)用比較級(jí)，排除ab，數(shù)量多少應(yīng)用 little 比較級(jí)為 less. 30.解析d free自由的，空閑的;vacant空缺的，空白的;handy便于使用的, 便利的, 可攜帶的, 輕便的;convenient方便的，d項(xiàng)符合題意。

【第6篇 2023高考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)：名詞

2023高考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)：名詞 研究近年來(lái)高考題我們不難看出，名詞部分主要考察名詞的詞義辨析和習(xí)慣搭配、名詞的數(shù)(可數(shù)與不可數(shù)、單數(shù)與復(fù)數(shù))、名詞的所有格、抽象名詞的具體化、物質(zhì)名詞的量化、名詞和冠詞的搭配以及主謂一致等。在高考試題中，名詞常結(jié)合其他項(xiàng)目一起考察，考察題型以單項(xiàng)選擇、短文改錯(cuò)、完形填空、語(yǔ)篇中的名詞詞義理解、及寫作部分等。 單項(xiàng)填空對(duì)名詞的考察重點(diǎn)放在名詞詞義辨析，特別是同義詞和近義詞的辨析上。名詞的習(xí)慣用法、一詞多義、抽象名詞具體化，名詞動(dòng)用等方面也是考察的重點(diǎn)。 一、對(duì)同義詞、近義詞的考查 1、 at the meeting they discussed three different_______to the study of mathematics。 a.approaches b.means c.methods d.ways 答案d。 解析在會(huì)議上他們討論了三種不同的學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)的方法。way意為“方式，方法”，可指具體的方法，也可指抽象的方法，多指一般的思想、行動(dòng)、辦事的方法，也可指?jìng)€(gè)人特殊的方式、方法。approach意為“接近，靠近，方式，方法”，指接近某人或某事，也可指對(duì)待或處理事情的方式或方法。mean意為“方式，方法”，用于抽象意義，可指為達(dá)到某一目的而采用的方法、計(jì)劃、政策、策略等，尤指整套方法;用于具體意義，常指為達(dá)到某一目的所使用的工具、材料、機(jī)器、用具、車船等。method意為“方式，方法”，指具體的、系統(tǒng)的、有步驟的方法，強(qiáng)調(diào)條理性及高效率。 備考提示面對(duì)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中的大量近義詞，僅憑母語(yǔ)我們往往無(wú)法把它們真正理解和解釋清楚。要盡可能地多翻閱英語(yǔ)詞典，注意并比較它們的基本義，用英語(yǔ)的思維方式和語(yǔ)言來(lái)解釋和理解它們。 二、對(duì)相似詞的考查 2、always read the_______on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine. a. e_planations b. instructions c. descriptions d. introductions 答案b。 解析 從選項(xiàng)中名詞的拼寫來(lái)看，不但形式相似，都是以tions為后綴，而且instructions 和introductions讀音也相似，我們平時(shí)如果不注意單詞的辨形、辨音，很容易混淆，再加上四個(gè)單詞的含義也相似，有的考生被弄得暈頭轉(zhuǎn)向。本題要求在辨形的基礎(chǔ)上還要知道這幾個(gè)詞的含義：e_planation，“解釋”;instruction，“說(shuō)明”;description，“描述”;introduction，“介紹”。本句的意思是“必須仔細(xì)閱讀藥瓶上的說(shuō)明，按量服用”。答案是b。 三、易錯(cuò)的新版教材名詞固定搭配 作為對(duì)新版教材的體現(xiàn)，新版教材里的一些新出現(xiàn)的名詞固定搭配得到了較多的一種考查。 3、______achievement，last week’s ministerial meeting of the wto here earned a low,though not failing，grade. a.in terms of b.in case of c.as a result of d.in face of 答案a。 解析語(yǔ)境為：就成績(jī)而言，上周wto在這里的部長(zhǎng)級(jí)會(huì)議得分不高，盡管還不至于不及格。b項(xiàng)表“如果”，c項(xiàng)表“因?yàn)椤保琩項(xiàng)表“面對(duì)……”，a項(xiàng)表“關(guān)于、至于”，符合題意。 4、you have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of______。 a.date b.shape c.order d.balanee 答案b。 解析你坐在我帽子上，帽子已嚴(yán)重變形了。out of shape意為“變形”;out of date意為“過(guò)時(shí)”：out of order意為“混亂”;out ofbalance 意為“失衡”。 備考提示面對(duì)教材里的詞組、搭配，我們要注意收集和整理，并尤其要加強(qiáng)新出現(xiàn)的固定搭配的記憶和分類匯總。 四、考察單詞基本義的引申和拓展 近年來(lái)，常見單詞的陌生義項(xiàng)在高考試題中不時(shí)出現(xiàn)，給部分考生造成了不小的障礙。 5、to make members of a team perform better,the trainer first of all has to know their _____ and weaknesses. a.strengths b.benefits c.techniques d.values 答案a。 解析語(yǔ)境為：要使隊(duì)員表現(xiàn)得更好，教練員首先得清楚每個(gè)隊(duì)員的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)。b項(xiàng)表“利益、好處”，不合題意。而a項(xiàng)除表體力外，還可引申為可數(shù)名詞something providing force or power優(yōu)點(diǎn)、強(qiáng)項(xiàng)，符合語(yǔ)境。 備考提示平時(shí)多翻閱英語(yǔ)詞典，盡可能了解最常見單詞的新義項(xiàng)。同時(shí)，加強(qiáng)英語(yǔ)材料的接觸，拓展自己的知識(shí)面，提高自己的英語(yǔ)水平。 精選試題 模擬題及其答案 1、to the great of the citizens, no one else was infected with h1n1 e_cept the 12 confirmed cases . a. rela_ation b. disappointment c. relief d. surprise (湖北省黃岡中學(xué)2023屆高三年級(jí)9月月考) 2、the twentieth century has witnessed an enormous worldwide political, economic and cultural________. a.transplant b.transformation c.transportation d.translation (河南省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)2023—2023高三第一次月考) 3、the map was drawn to the standard _____ of 1:100,000. so there was not much detail. a. route b. line c. rate d.scale (河南省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)2023—2023高三第一次月考) 4、achieving a high degree of proficiency in english as a foreign language is not a mysterious without scientific basis. (江蘇南通九校2023—2023高三第一次月考) 5、mr smith had an unusual :he was first an office clerk, then a sailor,and ended up as a school teacher. [a] profession [b] occupation [c] position [d] career (江蘇南通九校2023—2023高三第一次月考) 6、because of its intimacy,radio is usually more than just a medium;it is . (山東濰坊2023—2023高三第一次月考) 7、the financial crisis has put the world economy in a difficult _________. a. occasion b. condition c. evaluation d. situation (合肥市2023高三第一次質(zhì)量檢測(cè)) 8.—paul has gone abroad to try his luck. —in my _______, his decision is not wise. a. word b. view c. sight d. way (福建省普通高中2023年畢業(yè)班單科質(zhì)量檢查) 9.—jack brown is very clever and he studies hard as well. a. answer b. question c. wonder d. problem (寧波市2023年第一次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)) 10. as is well known, the brain performs a very important _______, which controls the nerve system of the body. a.motion b. action c. fun_ction d. fact (煙臺(tái)市2023年高三年級(jí)模塊檢測(cè)) 11. at the meeting they discussed three different to the study of mathematics. a. means b. methods c. ways d. approa~ hes a. theme b. purpose c. task d. brand 13. on yesterday's interview, he didn' t make a(n) at all ; what' s the matter with him? a. apology b. appearance c. difference d. change 14.--if you like,l can do some shopping for you. --it's a very kind a. service b. point c. suggestion d. offer 15. it was difficult to guess what her to the news would be. 16. what he told us about the situation simply doesn't make any a. sense b. idea c. meaning d. mistake 17. increasing supplies of fruits and vegetables to enable all people to have ____ to them is a major challenge. a. attempt b. allowance c. access d. admission 18. jeff,a british hiker,has prepared a variety of clothes of different for his travel from south china to the noah. a. measures b. weights c. sizes d. lengths 19. we need to consider what we will be using for language training. a. abilities b. appliances c. facilities d. qualities 20. most air pollution is caused by the burning of like coal, gas and oil. a. fuels b. articles c. goods d. products 2l. the kind of office equipment will certainly make a(n) to the way 1 do my job. a. sense b. difference c. effect d. meaning 22. l was really unwilling to play chess with him, but 1 had to meet the from him. 23. he isn' t honest at all. under no should you lend him any money. a. time b. case c. circumstances d. means 24. don' t try to persuade ynur boss ; he won ' t have the of employing me -- a fresh student. a. intention b. attention c. sense d. attraction 25. when he first went for treatment at the hospital he seemed to be a hopeless a. situation b. case c. condition d. state 26. i bought a new type of cellphone, which was the of all my classmates. a. wish b. respect c. envy' d. admire 27. there' s no from my bedroom window e_cept for some factory chimneys. a. view b. scene c. sight d. look 28. the chinese are looking forward to the first to land on the moon after yang liwei's successful trip to space. a. measure b. attempt c. purpose d. desire 29. she is in a poor of health, which worries her mother very much. a. position b. situation c. state d. condition 30. some famous singers live on the from their record sales. 答案與解析 1c解析句意為為了市民的極大的安慰，沒有其他人被感染，除了12個(gè)確診病例h1n1病毒。c符合題意，變革。 命題意圖與考點(diǎn)定位特定語(yǔ)境中的名詞的辨析。 2b解析句意為在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化等方面，二十世紀(jì)經(jīng)歷了一場(chǎng)全球范圍的大變革。選項(xiàng)中三個(gè)選項(xiàng)前綴trans-(轉(zhuǎn)移，變換)，b符合題意，變革。 命題意圖與考點(diǎn)定位特定語(yǔ)境中的名詞的辨析。 3d解析scale在此題中意指“(實(shí)物與地圖、圖解等代表物間的)比例，比例尺”.be drawn to be standard scale of 1/100,000(按照十萬(wàn)分之一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)比例尺繪制)。 命題意圖與考點(diǎn)定位特定語(yǔ)境中的名詞辨析。 句意為： 在作為外語(yǔ)的英語(yǔ)方面達(dá)到很高水平并非是一種毫無(wú)科學(xué)根據(jù)的神秘過(guò)程。 5d[解析] 名詞辨析，profession指“(需要教育、大量訓(xùn)練和專門學(xué)習(xí)的法律、醫(yī)學(xué)、教育等腦力勞動(dòng)方面的)專業(yè)或職業(yè)”，如：the professions of law, medicine, and engineering(法律、醫(yī)學(xué)和工程職業(yè))。occupation意為“職業(yè)，行業(yè)，位置”，指成為正常的生活來(lái)源的一項(xiàng)活動(dòng)，如：he has no fi_ed occupation. (他沒有固定職業(yè)。) position意為“(雇用)職位，工作，職務(wù)”，如：he’s got a good position.(他謀得一份好工作。)career可指“事業(yè), 生涯”，也可指“某人工作經(jīng)歷或事業(yè)上取得成就的總的過(guò)程或進(jìn)程”，如：an officer with a distinguished career(有著卓越成就的軍官)。題句冒號(hào)后的內(nèi)容是對(duì)前面的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，即，介紹了史密斯先生一生從事過(guò)的工作，這些工作單獨(dú)來(lái)看是職業(yè)，但總的來(lái)看，是他的生涯。因此，應(yīng)選[d]career。 [句意] 史密斯先生有著不尋常的人生：他起初當(dāng)過(guò)辦公室職員，然后當(dāng)海員，最終做了一名教師。 7 d解析經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)使世界經(jīng)濟(jì)陷入困難的境地。a場(chǎng)合;b狀況，條件;c評(píng)價(jià)。 8 b解析in my view=in my opinion 我認(rèn)為他的決定不明智。 9 c解析it is no wonder that/ no wonder…為固定句型，意為：難怪……。 本句句意為：難怪他在考試中老是第一。 10 c解析句意：眾所周知，大腦起著重要的作用，它控制著人體的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)。a項(xiàng)移動(dòng)，運(yùn)動(dòng);b項(xiàng)行動(dòng)，fun_ction功能，作用。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 11 d 。解析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的本義都是方法.但是從后面的介詞to可以確定，d為正確答案。 12 a 。解析theme主題;purpose目的;task任務(wù);brand商標(biāo)，牌子。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知a為答案。 13 b 。解析句意為昨天的向試，他根本沒露面。他出什么事了。make an apology道歉;make an appearance露面，在場(chǎng);make a difference有變化，有影響;make a change有改變。由句意可知，答案選b。 14 d。解析從上句看是說(shuō)話者主動(dòng)提出幫助，本句是對(duì)說(shuō)話者的答謝，所以答案選d。 16 a。解析make sense 等于be reasonable合情合理，， 17 c。解析have access to do sth固定搭配。 1 8 b。解析different weights不同的重量，結(jié)合句子內(nèi)容可知，此處指的是從南到北氣候可能有差異，所穿服裝也應(yīng)該有所不同，所答案選b。 19 c。解析考查名詞同義辨析，句意：我們必須考慮我們將使用什么樣的設(shè)備進(jìn)行語(yǔ)言培訓(xùn)。appliance指(家用)電器;facility指某方面的設(shè)施，設(shè)備，如：public facilities公共設(shè)施。 20a。解析由題干中的coal, gas and oil.可知，這些都是燃料，故正確答案為a。article物品;goods貨物，商品;product產(chǎn)品.均不符合句意。 21 b。解析句意為這樣的辦公設(shè)備無(wú)疑將會(huì)對(duì)我的工作方式產(chǎn)生影響。make sense有意義，講得通;makek a difference to sb/sth對(duì) ……產(chǎn)生影響;have an effect of sth對(duì)…·有影響。故答案選b。 22 b。解析句意為我實(shí)在不愿意和他下棋，但我不得不迎接他的挑戰(zhàn)。challenge挑戰(zhàn)，符合句意。 23 c。解析句意為他很不誠(chéng)實(shí)，任何情況下都別借給他錢，under no cimumstances意思為在任何情況下都不，位于句首時(shí)句子要部分倒裝。 24 a 。解析句意為別費(fèi)力說(shuō)服你的老板了，他不想雇用我這個(gè)大一學(xué)生。have the intention of doig sth打算做某事.有做某事的意剛，是習(xí)慣用法。 25 b。解析考察近義詞辨析。由treatment at the hospital 可知，case此處意為病人。 26 c 。解析句意為我買了一部新款式的手機(jī)，當(dāng)然便成了同學(xué)們羨慕的對(duì)象。wish愿望;respect尊敬;envy羨慕(或嫉妒)的對(duì)象;admire感嘆，稱贊。故答案選c。 27 a 。解析句意為除了一些工廠的煙囪外，從我臥室看不到任何風(fēng)景。view自然美景，風(fēng)景;scene景色，景象;sight情景，景象;look容貌，外表，由句意可知，答案選a。 28.b。解析考察名詞詞義辨析。，句意：在楊利偉成功邀游太空后，中圍人民正盼望著登月的第一次嘗試。measure措施;attempt試圖，嘗試;pu rpose目的;desire渴望，欲望。故答案選b。 29 c 。解析state(精神、身體)狀態(tài)，情況;position處境，地位;situation狀況，形勢(shì);condition狀態(tài)，狀況。此處表示身體狀況，故答案選c。