篇一 翻譯碩士開(kāi)題報(bào)告
翻譯碩士開(kāi)題報(bào)告范文
導(dǎo)語(yǔ)： 翻譯不止是一門(mén)技術(shù)，也是一門(mén)藝術(shù)，要求生動(dòng)靈活地表達(dá)而不是生硬的文字語(yǔ)言的疊加。接下來(lái)我們一起來(lái)看看翻譯碩士開(kāi)題報(bào)告，學(xué)習(xí)怎么寫(xiě)作翻譯主題的開(kāi)題報(bào)告，為論文寫(xiě)作做一個(gè)好的開(kāi)頭。
題目：基于交往能力理論的翻譯主體間性實(shí)證研究
一、研究目的
本文從探究交往能力理論三大功能，即陳述功能，意向表達(dá)功能和以言行事功能三個(gè)方面闡述交往能力理論應(yīng)用于翻譯主體間性問(wèn)題的可行性。在實(shí)證分析方面選取《紅樓夢(mèng)》正冊(cè)金陵十二釵判詞的兩個(gè)英譯版，研究交往能力理論在翻譯活動(dòng)中所起到的作用。通過(guò)對(duì)具體實(shí)例的分析與比較，探討翻譯主體間性在翻譯實(shí)踐中如何通過(guò)交往能力得到體現(xiàn)。
無(wú)論是在國(guó)內(nèi)還是在國(guó)外，翻譯活動(dòng)的歷史幾乎像語(yǔ)言一樣悠久，從有語(yǔ)言之始便有了翻譯這一人際交往活動(dòng)。翻譯這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)中必然涉及到雙語(yǔ)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換，在語(yǔ)言轉(zhuǎn)換的過(guò)程中存在著各種各樣的內(nèi)在因素和外在因素，其中就包含一個(gè)非常重要的內(nèi)在因素--交往能力。翻譯研究有著悠久的歷史，從古代的傳統(tǒng)翻譯研究到現(xiàn)代多視角翻譯研究，翻譯大致經(jīng)歷了三種范式。以不同主體作為中心，翻譯研究范式可分為：作者中心論范式、文本中心論范式和譯者中心論范式。這些研究范式都以一個(gè)主體為研究中心，其本質(zhì)都屬于單主體范式研究?？梢悦黠@看出，這些研究范式都存在一個(gè)共同的弊端，那就是研究都過(guò)于側(cè)重參與翻譯過(guò)程的某一單一主體或客體，這種弊端會(huì)造成在翻譯過(guò)程中忽略其他主體之間的交往，也就是所說(shuō)的翻譯主體間性。哈貝馬斯在交往能力理論中提倡“以主體間性為中心”,這一思想改變了主體和客體之間的關(guān)系，使其由原來(lái)的支配關(guān)系變?yōu)橹黧w與主體之間的話語(yǔ)交往關(guān)系。同樣的，翻譯過(guò)程也不是主體與客體二者的分離，更不是主體對(duì)客體的支配，而是主體間的共存，是主體與客體間的交往與對(duì)話。
二、研究意義
理論意義方面，隨著翻譯研究的不斷發(fā)展和進(jìn)步其研究經(jīng)歷了三種范式的變化。翻譯主體間性對(duì)翻譯研究的影響也越加明顯。翻譯作為研究的重點(diǎn)，在研究的過(guò)程中必須有一個(gè)強(qiáng)大而又富有合理性的理論來(lái)進(jìn)行支撐，而哈貝馬斯的交往能力理論正是對(duì)主體間性的研究。如果想實(shí)現(xiàn)成功的交往，言語(yǔ)行為就要符合一定的有效性要求，這就需要交往主體具有交往資質(zhì)，也就是所說(shuō)的交往能力。交往能力理論重要性的最生動(dòng)的表達(dá)在于他是主體的一種資質(zhì)，在這種資質(zhì)的作用下主體之間可以相互理解并達(dá)成共識(shí)。交往能力理論為翻譯研究提供了合適的理論支撐和新的研究方向。
實(shí)踐意義方面，通過(guò)對(duì)交往能力理論及翻譯主體間性的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：翻譯的本質(zhì)就是各主體間的相互理解，相互溝通并實(shí)現(xiàn)翻譯結(jié)果的完美呈現(xiàn)。交往能力理論中主體間性是對(duì)主體性的延伸，他對(duì)翻譯具有極大的實(shí)踐意義。在現(xiàn)實(shí)社會(huì)中使用不同語(yǔ)言的.人與人之間必然存在溝通，溝通的重要性讓使用不同語(yǔ)言的人們意識(shí)到翻譯的特殊意義，翻譯成為人與人之間相互溝通的重要手段。
然而如何更好有效地溝通卻是個(gè)十分棘手的問(wèn)題，那么人與人之間的關(guān)系就顯得尤為重要。翻譯的成功離不開(kāi)這種復(fù)雜的人際關(guān)系的影響。同樣的，如果想得到完美的翻譯結(jié)果也離不開(kāi)翻譯主體間的交流與合作。因此，不論在理論上還是實(shí)際意義上，這種回歸性的研究都會(huì)對(duì)翻譯活動(dòng)有一定的啟發(fā)意義。
三、研究?jī)?nèi)容
論文分為五個(gè)章節(jié)：
第一章為緒論部分，主要介紹本研究課題的研究目的、研究問(wèn)題、研究?jī)?nèi)容、研究意義，并對(duì)全文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行梳理。
第二章為理論框架及文獻(xiàn)綜述。首先，對(duì)本章涉及到的理論進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的介紹。從主體的產(chǎn)生到主體性的含義再到主體間性的特征都分別進(jìn)行一一介紹，同時(shí)也介紹了哈貝馬斯對(duì)該理論的貢獻(xiàn)并對(duì)翻譯主體間性的概念進(jìn)行梳理并總結(jié)翻譯主體間性的特征即差異性、同一性和建構(gòu)性。接下來(lái)介紹和評(píng)析了普遍語(yǔ)用學(xué)視域中的哈貝馬斯交往能力理論。介紹了普遍語(yǔ)用學(xué)的產(chǎn)生以及對(duì)哈貝馬斯的交往能力理論的產(chǎn)生提供了存在環(huán)境。本章還重點(diǎn)介紹了哈貝馬斯的交往能力理論，就其內(nèi)容和功能著重說(shuō)明。其次，本章還對(duì)研究過(guò)程中涉及的理論的研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的總結(jié)和介紹，分別為翻譯主體間性的國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀和交往能力理論的國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀。
第三章為研究方法，首先，介紹該研究的研究方法采用定性研究與實(shí)例研究相結(jié)合的方式進(jìn)行研究。其次，本章論述了該研究的材料來(lái)源，具體論述為什么以《紅樓夢(mèng)》正冊(cè)金陵十二釵判詞的兩個(gè)英譯版本為研究材料，以及為什么選取楊憲益和霍克斯這兩個(gè)英文譯本。最后具體闡述了該研究的研究設(shè)計(jì)。
第四章為本論文的核心部分，基于交往能力理論的翻譯主體間性的實(shí)踐。
本章主要以《紅樓夢(mèng)》的兩個(gè)英文譯本作為研究材料。首先，對(duì)十二個(gè)判詞進(jìn)行文本分析，具體介紹判詞所描寫(xiě)的內(nèi)容，并對(duì)兩個(gè)英文譯本在用詞方面進(jìn)行比較分析。其次，從譯者與作者主體間性和譯者與讀者主體間性兩方面對(duì)文本進(jìn)行對(duì)比研究。
第五章是討論部分，此部分包括發(fā)現(xiàn)和啟示兩方面。首先為翻譯主體間性在譯者主體和作者主體間的體現(xiàn)，其次是翻譯主體間性在譯者主體和讀者主體中的體現(xiàn)，最后是翻譯主體間性在譯者主體和文本客體中的體現(xiàn)。本章從三個(gè)方面詳細(xì)的論述翻譯主體間性在翻譯活動(dòng)過(guò)程中如何通過(guò)交往能力理論發(fā)揮作用進(jìn)行闡述。最后，總結(jié)實(shí)例分析對(duì)翻譯主體間性的啟示。
篇二 電影名翻譯開(kāi)題報(bào)告范文
課題研究的目的和意義：
目的：隨著對(duì)外開(kāi)放的深入，中外在文化領(lǐng)域交流的渠道和形式越來(lái)越多樣化。對(duì)影視翻譯的
深入研究，可以使大量?jī)?yōu)秀的中國(guó)影片走出國(guó)門(mén)跨入世界影壇，讓許許多多外國(guó)觀眾透過(guò)這些影片窺探到中國(guó)幾千年博大精深的文化，感受到色彩絢麗的東方文明;
同時(shí)，隨著大量?jī)?yōu)秀的外國(guó)影片的引進(jìn)，也給中國(guó)觀眾帶來(lái)了洋溢著濃郁的異國(guó)情調(diào)的文化盛宴。翻譯活動(dòng)的產(chǎn)生及其發(fā)展均伴隨著社會(huì)發(fā)展的需要，其目的和方法
在不同歷史階段亦有所不同。在國(guó)際化社會(huì)不斷發(fā)展的今天，對(duì)影視翻譯的研究可以幫助人們理解影片內(nèi)容和含義，展現(xiàn)漢語(yǔ)的表現(xiàn)力及英漢語(yǔ)的差異，翻譯是促進(jìn)跨文化交流、理解、溝通的重要活動(dòng)。
意義：在大眾傳媒高度發(fā)達(dá)的今天，不同國(guó)家的影視文化之間既有交流融合，同時(shí)也存在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。對(duì)影視作品翻譯的研究日益凸現(xiàn)其重要的時(shí)代意義，極大地促進(jìn)了中外文化的交流，順應(yīng)全球化的發(fā)展。對(duì)翻譯的研究有助于更好地體現(xiàn)每種語(yǔ)言的特點(diǎn)，傳神地傳達(dá)出影片要表達(dá)的意義，激發(fā)了人們對(duì)電影事業(yè)的興趣和關(guān)注，也激發(fā)了對(duì)外語(yǔ)文學(xué)的興趣以及作翻譯方面的啟蒙。影視翻譯的研究拉近了兩種文化間的距離，同時(shí)保證了語(yǔ)言的地道。
國(guó)內(nèi)外同類(lèi)課題研究現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)：
國(guó)外：影視翻譯領(lǐng)域的研究最早開(kāi)始于西方，如今活躍在該領(lǐng)域前沿的專(zhuān)家也主要是西方學(xué)者。西方影視翻譯研究在1995年進(jìn)入了迅速發(fā)展的時(shí)代，相關(guān)的理論研究明顯增加，歐洲學(xué)者的研究成果尤其顯著。其中，gambier可以說(shuō)是影視翻譯領(lǐng)域當(dāng)仁不讓的領(lǐng)軍
人物。他的研究涉及范圍既深又廣，對(duì)于不同影視翻譯的模式的如何分類(lèi)，影視翻譯的策略和技巧，影視翻譯的受眾等等的研究都頗有造詣。他從語(yǔ)言學(xué)的角度對(duì)影視字幕翻譯進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)研究，研究在影視作品眾如何翻譯習(xí)語(yǔ)，還在字幕翻譯的教學(xué)方面頗有見(jiàn)地。他的研究還包括在配音和字幕的英文電影的流行下，丹麥本國(guó)語(yǔ)言是如何受到影響的?？傮w來(lái)說(shuō)，歐洲近年來(lái)影視翻譯的相關(guān)研究已經(jīng)得到了一定的重視，理論研究開(kāi)展的較為廣泛和深入，在翻譯策略、翻譯規(guī)范和質(zhì)量控制方面都形成了一定的共識(shí)和規(guī)范。
國(guó)內(nèi)：在影視翻譯理論研究方面，與西方國(guó)家相比我國(guó)的起步可以說(shuō)相比影視翻譯實(shí)踐更晚，至今尚未有成體系的理論出現(xiàn)。影視翻譯相關(guān)的論文和專(zhuān)著數(shù)量可以說(shuō)是少之又少。較有成就的幾位學(xué)者是：1、上海外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)新聞傳播學(xué)院的錢(qián)紹昌教授可以說(shuō)是我國(guó)影視翻譯領(lǐng)域的領(lǐng)軍人物。他指出了影視翻譯的重要性，深入分析了影視作品的語(yǔ)言同文學(xué)作品和書(shū)面語(yǔ)的區(qū)別，并且總結(jié)了影視作品語(yǔ)言的五大特點(diǎn)，即：聆聽(tīng)性，綜合性，瞬間性，通俗性和無(wú)注性。并且根據(jù)多年的翻譯實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)，提出了影視翻譯的七條經(jīng)驗(yàn)。認(rèn)為在影視翻譯時(shí)做到“信，達(dá)，雅”中的“達(dá)”最為重要。2、中國(guó)傳媒大學(xué)國(guó)際傳播學(xué)院的麻爭(zhēng)旗教授出版了《影視譯制概論》，是近年來(lái)不多見(jiàn)的影視翻譯研究的專(zhuān)著。
3、華東師范大學(xué)外語(yǔ)學(xué)院的張春柏教授長(zhǎng)期從事翻譯理論的研究與實(shí)踐，翻譯的影視劇近三百部(集)，包括大家熟悉的《神探亨特》、《欲望號(hào)街車(chē)》和《安娜·卡列尼娜》等。4、天津大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院翻譯研究所所長(zhǎng)的李運(yùn)興教授在2001年發(fā)表的“字幕翻譯策略”，從語(yǔ)篇翻譯理論的角度對(duì)影視字幕翻譯進(jìn)行了研究?，F(xiàn)在我國(guó)影視翻譯亟缺相關(guān)理論指導(dǎo)。影視翻譯研究的學(xué)術(shù)地位仍有待提高，影視翻譯的相關(guān)策略和技巧仍需要深入研究。期待早日形成我國(guó)自己的影視翻譯研究理論體系。
課題研究的主要內(nèi)容和方法，研究過(guò)程中的主要問(wèn)題和解決辦法：
主要內(nèi)容：
作為影片實(shí)現(xiàn)商業(yè)價(jià)值和藝術(shù)價(jià)值的第一步，片名翻譯的重要性不言而喻。本文在分析大量譯例的基礎(chǔ)上總結(jié)出了英文電影片名漢譯應(yīng)遵
循的基本原則。文化是人類(lèi)社會(huì)歷史實(shí)踐過(guò)程中所創(chuàng)造的物質(zhì)財(cái)富和精神財(cái)富的總和，因此西方影片原文文化對(duì)影視翻譯起決定作用，只有真正理解電影的文化，才
能真正忠于原影片。我們應(yīng)該努力實(shí)現(xiàn)西方文化和我國(guó)文化創(chuàng)造性的融合，才能實(shí)現(xiàn)既忠于原文又具有藝術(shù)性和商業(yè)性的成功翻譯。字幕翻譯要考慮所涉及的兩種語(yǔ)言與文化的差異問(wèn)題，譯者要傳達(dá)的不僅是源語(yǔ)言的意義，還有其中的文化成分。本文將從片名翻譯、文化語(yǔ)境、字幕翻譯等幾個(gè)方面淺談?dòng)耙暦g研究及其現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展。
主要問(wèn)題：
首先，影視翻譯作為一個(gè)新興的翻譯研究領(lǐng)域，目前在翻譯學(xué)界還沒(méi)有引起足夠的重視和關(guān)注。因此，影視翻譯實(shí)踐缺乏相關(guān)理論指導(dǎo)，可參考文獻(xiàn)資料少之又少。再者，文化差異對(duì)翻譯研究的影響是不可忽視的，由于中西方在許多方面存在差異，在翻譯的研究中會(huì)有障礙，譯者需要了解源語(yǔ)與譯入語(yǔ)之間的語(yǔ)言和民族文化差異。
解決方法：
通過(guò)查閱在影視翻譯研究方面較有成就的幾位教授的著作和理論，深入閱讀思考，從中獲得啟發(fā)。
并積極聽(tīng)相關(guān)方面的講座。由于西方影視翻譯研究起步較早，可借鑒其先進(jìn)理論。與此同時(shí)，深入了解中西方文化差異，在翻譯活動(dòng)中因地制宜地加以區(qū)別對(duì)待，并
運(yùn)用恰當(dāng)?shù)姆g技巧和方法程度地保留其文化特色，以求在源語(yǔ)文化和譯入語(yǔ)文化中達(dá)到程度的功能對(duì)等，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)原作的文化價(jià)值、信息價(jià)值和審美價(jià)值的完整傳遞。
課題研究起止時(shí)間和進(jìn)度安排：
1. 2023年12月1日至12月15日：選導(dǎo)師及撰寫(xiě)論文方向。
2. 2023年12月16日至12月31日：與導(dǎo)師商榷論文題目。
3. 2023年1月1日至2023年3月10日：撰寫(xiě)并提交開(kāi)題報(bào)告。
4. 2023年3月11日至2023年4月28日：撰寫(xiě)并提交畢業(yè)論文。
5. 2023年4月29日至2023年5月7日：準(zhǔn)備并參加畢業(yè)論文答辯。
6. 2023年5月8日至2023年5月12日：導(dǎo)師上交所有論文材料。
篇三 翻譯專(zhuān)業(yè)開(kāi)題報(bào)告
開(kāi)題報(bào)告是畢業(yè)論文答辯委員會(huì)對(duì)學(xué)生答辯資格審查的一個(gè)重要依據(jù)材料。下面是小編為大家收集整理的翻譯專(zhuān)業(yè)開(kāi)題報(bào)告，歡迎閱讀。
翻譯專(zhuān)業(yè)開(kāi)題報(bào)告how to deal with ellipsis in english-chinese translation
i. purpose and significance
with the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. however, the differences between english and chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.
it is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in english-chinese rendition. translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.
according to the oxford advanced learner’s english-chinese dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. what could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.
some words and phrases are useless in chinese but necessary in english. articles in english are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. they are very important in english, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in chinese. ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic chinese. the paper will explore ellipsis in english-chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among china and english-speaking countries.
ii. literature review
long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. in china, xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the sanskrit sutras into chinese, but introduced the first chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand china’s ancient culture. meanwhile, he was the first to translate lao tses works into sanskrit. indian scholars had a high opinion of xuanzang, in china, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that xuanzang is the first great translator.(ye lang, 2023) we can say that it was xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. then, some big countries such as america, china, and so on became a melting pot.(gu zhengkun, 2000) people have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.
with china’s entry into wto and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. a lot of foreign tourists come to visit china. while traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. sometimes, they even feel confused. a lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. all of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (ma zuyi, 2000). i am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. the love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. but every time when i have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.
communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. in order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. of course, translation is one of them. all translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(gu jinming, 1997) from my perspective, they really have done a great job. and i want to retrospect the cause of their development. after a thorough evaluation, i choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from english to chinese, then i did the following jobs.
i put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then i found that it is a common case in english and chinese which draws much academic interest. in 1976, halliday and hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. this classification exerts great influence in academic circle. thereafter, ellipsis in chinese and english has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. this kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in chinese and english.
another famous theory to explain ellipsis is economy principle. economy principle was put forward by chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his generate crammer. it maintains that language and linguistic study follow economy principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. this principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.
in this thesis, i think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. and in both english and chinese, people advocate brevity. shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). however, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(hua xianfa,2002)these functions distribute in both english and chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both english to chinese and chinese to english translation.
i found that when chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in english to chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. they consider that it is a common phenomenon that chinese always leave out personal articles. while it is obviously different in english that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. that is because when we translate from english to chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. however, it never happens in english. from this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into chinese.
in my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. however, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in china, and we have less influential chinese translators in the world. therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.
iii. feasibility analysis
this academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:
1.i have great interests in the way of english-chinese translation.
2.i have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .
3.i have collected enough references both chinese and western on ellipsis in
translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.
4.i have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.
5.i have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate english competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise english.
6.my instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject i havechosen.
iv. problems of the research and solutions
1. problems
despite the references i have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in english-chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. what’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in xinjiang, i will have to make full use of my present resources. also, this is the first time i have ever written such a serious academic paper. i am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.
2. solutions
(1) i shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the internet as well.
(2) i shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that i have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.
(3) when i have difficulties in the writing process, i shall consult my instructor and seek for help.
v. necessary conditions
1. our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.
2. the internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the internet.
3. i have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.
vi. outline
i. introduction
a. a brief introduction of ellipsis in translation
b. what should we pay attention to when dealing with ellipsis
c. the reason why ellipsis is so widely used in translation
1. chinese expressions are much briefer than that of english
2. english grammar is wee-knit and complete in sentence structure
ii. the principles of ellipsis
a. omitted words must be useless and unnecessary in the translated works
b. the meaning of the omitted words is implied in the test
c. omitted words which are self-evident
ш. the functions and applications of ellipsis
a. the coherence of the meaning of expression
b. the coincidence of the manner of expression
1. ellipsis of articles
a. ellipsis of definite articles
b. ellipsis of indefinite articles
2. ellipsis of prepositions
3. ellipsis of pronouns
a. ellipsis of personal and impersonal pronouns
b. ellipsis of indefinite pronouns
c. ellipsis of relative pronouns
4. ellipsis of conjunctions
a. ellipsis of coordinating conjunctions
b. ellipsis of subordinate conjunctions
5. ellipsis of rhetoric
a. ellipsis of repeated words
b. ellipsis of synonyms
翻譯專(zhuān)業(yè)開(kāi)題報(bào)告，盡在酷貓寫(xiě)作范文網(wǎng)。
